Functional architecture in cat primary auditory cortex: columnar organization and organization according to depth.

Abeles, Moshe; Goldstein, Moïse H.

doi:10.1152/jn.1970.33.1.172

Cited by 243 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Specifically, the MID analysis revealed a second STRF that influences the neuron's responsiveness, in conjunction with the first STRF. Past research tried to find single stimulus-based parameters that remain constant across laminae (30) but had limited success and identified only a few parameters that changed little across cortical depth (7)(8)(9)(10)(11). By contrast, systematic laminar changes of receptive field parameters exist and are related to the coding of stimulus parameters, including spectral bandwidth, sound intensity, frequency sweeps, spectral and temporal modulations, and vocalizations (11,(31)(32)(33)(34)46).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Hierarchical computation in the canonical auditory cortical circuit

Atencio

Sharpee

Schreiner

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sensory cortical anatomy has identified a canonical microcircuit underlying computations between and within layers. This feedforward circuit processes information serially from granular to supragranular and to infragranular layers. How this substrate correlates with an auditory cortical processing hierarchy is unclear. We recorded simultaneously from all layers in cat primary auditory cortex (AI) and estimated spectrotemporal receptive fields (STRFs) and associated nonlinearities. Spike-triggered averaged STRFs revealed that temporal precision, spectrotemporal separability, and feature selectivity varied with layer according to a hierarchical processing model. STRFs from maximally informative dimension (MID) analysis confirmed hierarchical processing. Of two cooperative MIDs identified for each neuron, the first comprised the majority of stimulus information in granular layers. Second MID contributions and nonlinear cooperativity increased in supragranular and infragranular layers. The AI microcircuit provides a valid template for three independent hierarchical computation principles. Increases in processing complexity, STRF cooperativity, and nonlinearity correlate with the synaptic distance from granular layers.auditory cortex ͉ cortical laminae ͉ information ͉ spectrotemporal receptive field S ensory cortical processing is achieved through a basic anatomical and functional microcircuit that appears to be repeated across modalities with only minor modifications. It represents a hierarchy of connection patterns, with information proceeding to elements of the circuit in a largely sequential manner. In the main excitatory feed-forward pathway, thalamus sends projections to granular cortical layers. Information proceeds, largely serially, to supragranular and infragranular layers, where it is distributed to cortical and subcortical targets (1, 2). The basic structure of this microcircuit is present in auditory cortex (3), although despite our anatomical knowledge, little is known about whether and how processing principles differ between layers (4).In primary auditory cortex (AI), the organization of each layer is complex, and much like a nucleus, has specific sources, targets, and local projection patterns, in addition to intralaminar and interlaminar connections (5). Further, the ascending and descending outputs originating from each layer likely serve different purposes, because each targets different regions of the auditory system (6). Because of this complexity, general rules that capture how stimulus representations change between layers remain unclear. To date, only a few parameters have been identified that remain relatively constant across cortical depth, including preferred frequency (7) and aurality (8-11). However, even for those parameters, deviations from uniformity have been observed (12, 13).The complexity of auditory cortical anatomy leads to two main schemes. The first is that no general processing rules exist, because it has been speculated that microcircuits are too diverse to generate universa...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some aspects of cortical response preferences are inherited from subcortical stations and typically show no major changes across layers (7)(8)(9)(10)(11). Other stimulusrelated aspects undergo substantial transformations between auditory thalamus and cortex, in particular the sensitivity and selectivity for spectral and temporal envelope modulations (15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical computation in the canonical auditory cortical circuit

Atencio

Sharpee

Schreiner

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The electrode was further advanced to a depth of ϳ700 -800 m below the brain surface (deep layers) and was maintained in the same position throughout the experiment. The neurons at 700 -800 m below the brain surface should have the same BFs as those at 300 m because of the columnar organization found in the auditory cortex (Abeles and Goldstein, 1970;Suga and Manabe, 1982). Negative pulses (monophasic, 0.1 ms, 500 nA constant current), generated by a Grass S88 stimulator (Astro-Medical) and the A360 constant-current unit (World Precision Instrument), were delivered to the primary auditory cortex through this electrode.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corticofugal Modulation of Initial Sound Processing in the Brain

Luo¹,

Wang²,

Kashani³

et al. 2008

J. Neurosci.

121

116

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The brain selectively extracts the most relevant information in top-down processing manner. Does the corticofugal system, a "back projection system," constitute the neural basis of such top-down selection? Here, we show how focal activation of the auditory cortex with 500 nA electrical pulses influences the auditory information processing in the cochlear nucleus (CN) that receives almost unprocessed information directly from the ear. We found that cortical activation increased the response magnitudes and shortened response latencies of physiologically matched CN neurons, whereas decreased response magnitudes and lengthened response latencies of unmatched CN neurons. In addition, cortical activation shifted the frequency tunings of unmatched CN neurons toward those of the activated cortical neurons. Our data suggest that cortical activation selectively enhances the neural processing of particular auditory information and attenuates others at the first processing level in the brain based on sound frequencies encoded in the auditory cortex. The auditory cortex apparently implements a long-range feedback mechanism to select or filter incoming signals from the ear.

show abstract

“…Functional and anatomical studies in primates, felines, and rodents have frequently reported the response properties and structural characteristics of A1 neurons (Evans et al, 1965;Abeles and Goldstein, 1970;Merzenich et al, 1973;Middlebrooks and Pettigrew, 1981;Winguth and Winer, 1986;Kenet et al, 2007;Weinberger, 2007;Noreña et al, 2008) but have not revealed the functional communicative principles of this field. To identify the role of A1 on acoustic processing, it is imperative to understand its interactions with other cortical regions.…”

Section: Implications Of A1 Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reciprocal Modulatory Influences between Tonotopic and Nontonotopic Cortical Fields in the Cat

Carrasco

Lomber²

2010

J. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Functional and anatomical studies suggest that acoustic signals are processed hierarchically in auditory cortex. Although most regions of acoustically responsive cortex are not tonotopically organized, all previous electrophysiological investigations of interfield interactions have only examined tonotopically represented areas. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the functional interactions between tonotopically and nontonotopically organized fields in auditory cortex. We accomplished this goal by examining the bidirectional contributions between the cochleotopically organized primary auditory cortex (A1) and the noncochleotopically organized second auditory field (A2). Multiunit acute recording procedures in combination with reversible cooling deactivation techniques were used in eight mature cats. The synaptic activity of A1 or A2 was suppressed while the neuronal response to tonal stimuli of the noninactivated area (A1 or A2) was measured. Response strength, neuronal threshold, receptive field bandwidths, and latency measures were collected at each recorded site before, during, and after cooling deactivation epochs. Our analysis revealed comparable changes in A1 and A2 neuronal response properties. Specifically, significant decreases in neuronal response strength, increases in neuronal threshold, and shortening of response latency were found in both fields during periods of cooling deactivation. The weak anatomical connections between the two fields investigated make these findings unexpected. Furthermore, the observed neuronal changes suggest a model of corticocortical interaction among auditory fields in which neither differences in the magnitude of anatomical projections nor cortical representation of sensory stimuli are reliable determinants of modulatory functions.

show abstract

Functional architecture in cat primary auditory cortex: columnar organization and organization according to depth.

Cited by 243 publications

References 0 publications

Hierarchical computation in the canonical auditory cortical circuit

Hierarchical computation in the canonical auditory cortical circuit

Corticofugal Modulation of Initial Sound Processing in the Brain

Reciprocal Modulatory Influences between Tonotopic and Nontonotopic Cortical Fields in the Cat

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About