Functional aortic stiffness: role of CD4+ T lymphocytes

Majeed, Beenish; Tawinwung, Supannikar; Larmonier, Nicolas; Secomb, Timothy W.; Larson, Douglas F.

doi:10.3389/fphys.2015.00235

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Some studies have suggested that immune cells, particularly T lymphocytes, play an important role in hypertension-related vascular dysfunction. This dysfunction is primarily mediated by the infiltration of T lymphocytes into the vascular system [17][18][19][20]. A study by Youn et al found a marked and independent correlation between cytomegalovirus phosphoprotein 65 (pp65)-specific cluster of differentiation 8 positive (CD8 þ ) T-cell responses and arterial stiffness in hypertensive patients [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of T-cell receptor repertoires and arterial stiffness in patients with essential hypertension

Ma,

Zhuo,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Journal of Hypertension

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Background: Abnormal immune responses, particularly T-cell activity, are linked to vascular complications in hypertension, but mechanisms remain unknown. Our study aims to explore the association between arterial stiffness, assessed by brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), and T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoires in essential hypertension patients, focusing on understanding the role of T cells in the development of arterial stiffness in this population. Methods: The study included 301 essential hypertension patients and 48 age-matched normotensive controls. Essential hypertension patients were stratified into high (baPWV ≥1400 cm/s, n = 213) and low (baPWV <1400 cm/s, n = 88) baPWV groups. High-throughput sequencing analyzed peripheral TCRβ repertoires. Results: Significant TCRβ repertoire differences were observed between essential hypertension and normotensive groups, as well as between high and low baPWV essential hypertension subgroups. Specifically, patients in the high baPWV group exhibited notable variations in the utilization of specific TCR beta joining (TRBJ) and variable (TRBV) genes compared to the low baPWV group. These alterations were accompanied by reduced TCRβ diversity (represented by diversity 50 s), increased percentages of the largest TCRβ clones, and a higher number of TCRβ clones exceeding 0.1%. The presence of specific TCRβ clones was detected in both groups. Furthermore, reduced diversity 50s and elevated percentages of the largest TCRβ clones were independently correlated with baPWV, emerging as potential risk factors for increased baPWV in essential hypertension patients. Conclusion: TCR repertoires were independently associated with arterial stiffness in patients with essential hypertension, implicating a potential role for dysregulated T-cell responses in the pathogenesis of arterial stiffness in this patient population. Trial registration: ChiCTR2100054414.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increasing body of evidence suggests that aberrant immune responses, particularly T-cell responses, are associated with vascular complications of hypertension [17][18][19][20][21][22], but the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Arterial stiffness is regarded as a key feature of vascular complications in essential hypertension.…”

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confidence: 99%

Association of T-cell receptor repertoires and arterial stiffness in patients with essential hypertension

Ma,

Zhuo,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Journal of Hypertension

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“…Studies have also shown that the less compliant proximal arteries reduce the pressure gradient of proximal arteries to distal arteries. This may cause increased pressure in the microcirculatory system, a condition that could be harmful to areas of the brain and kidneys [35][36][37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular dysfunction and body mass index in African adults with HIV

Kaluba

Chikopela

Goma

et al. 2023

BMC Cardiovasc Disord

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Background Impaired vascular compliance is common among persons with HIV (PWH) and a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), though many studies documenting this are from regions with a high prevalence of overweight and obesity. The prevalence and characteristics of impaired vascular compliance among PWH with low body mass index (BMI) is not well described, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where the majority of PWH live, a low BMI is more common, and the burden of CVD is rising. Aim To assess non-invasive vascular compliance measurements, including augmentation index (AIX), pulse wave velocity (PWV) and pulse waveforms, in underweight, normal weight, and overweight PWH on long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) in SSA. Methods A cross-sectional study among PWH on ART at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. All participants had been on a regimen of efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for five or more years. Carotid-femoral PWV (cfPWV), carotid-radial PWV (crPWV), and the corresponding augmentation indexes (cfAIX and crAIX), were measured in all participants, in addition to aortic pressure waveforms, classified as type A, B, C and D according to reflected wave timings and amplitude. Multiple linear regression assessed relationships between demographic and clinical factors with vascular measurement endpoints. Results Ninety one PWH on long-term ART were enrolled; 38 (42%) were underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), 43 (47%) were normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) and 10 (11%) were overweight (> 25 kg/m2). Median age was 41, 40 and 40 years, among the three groups, respectively, and the proportion of women increased with BMI level. Overweight participants had a 39% higher cfAIX compared to normal-weight participants, while being underweight was associated with 27% lower cfAIX, after adjusting for age, sex and blood pressure (P = 0.02 and P = 0.01, respectively), but measurements of cfPWV, crPWV and crAIX did not differ. Conclusion Underweight PWH in SSA had lower cfAIX measurements compared to normal weight individuals, indicating less arterial stiffness. However, similar cfPWV, crPWV and crAIX values among the underweight and overweight PWH suggest a low BMI may not confer substantial protection against impaired vascular compliance as a contributor to CVD risk among individuals on ART.

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“…Tregs-derived IL-35 had a protective effect on right ventricular systolic pressure and right ventricular dilation in mice with pulmonary hypertension (191). IL-2/JES6-1 complex intervention effectively induced splenic Tregs amplification five times and inhibited Ang II mediated aortic collagen remodeling and atherosclerosis (192).…”

Section: Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Targeting regulatory T cells for cardiovascular diseases

et al. 2023

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. The CVDs are accompanied by inflammatory progression, resulting in innate and adaptive immune responses. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have an immunosuppressive function and are one of the subsets of CD4+T cells that play a crucial role in inflammatory diseases. Whether using Tregs as a biomarker for CVDs or targeting Tregs to exert cardioprotective functions by regulating immune balance, suppressing inflammation, suppressing cardiac and vascular remodeling, mediating immune tolerance, and promoting cardiac regeneration in the treatment of CVDs has become an emerging research focus. However, Tregs have plasticity, and this plastic Tregs lose immunosuppressive function and produce toxic effects on target organs in some diseases. This review aims to provide an overview of Tregs’ role and related mechanisms in CVDs, and reports on the research of plasticity Tregs in CVDs, to lay a foundation for further studies targeting Tregs in the prevention and treatment of CVDs.

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Functional aortic stiffness: role of CD4+ T lymphocytes

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

Association of T-cell receptor repertoires and arterial stiffness in patients with essential hypertension

Association of T-cell receptor repertoires and arterial stiffness in patients with essential hypertension

Vascular dysfunction and body mass index in African adults with HIV

Targeting regulatory T cells for cardiovascular diseases

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