“…That mitochondria suffer when there is liver damage has been known for half a century 10 and has long been the focus of substantial inquiry, not just in the realms of xenobiotic hepatoxicity 11 and alcoholic liver disease, 12 but in many other liver afflictions too. 13 The seed of the idea, planted 14 and germinated 15 over 30 years ago, that the mitochondria themselves perpetrate liver damage or, worse still, actually cause the death of hepatocytes, has blossomed over the last decade, so that mitochondrionmediated apoptosis is now recognized as a key mechanism in many forms of liver disease.…”