Functional and physiopathological implications of TRP channels

Abstract

Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channel proteins are a diverse family of proteins that are expressed in many organisms, tissues and cell types. TRP channels respond to a variety of stimuli, including light, mechanical or chemical stimuli, temperature, pH or osmolarity. In addition, several TRP family members have been identified as downstream molecules in the G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. TRP proteins are involved in a variety of cell functions both in non-excitable and excitable cells due to their diverse permeability to cations and their ability to modulate intracellular Ca2+ signaling. Emerging evidence suggests that TRP channel dysfunction significantly contributes to the physiopathology of a number of diseases, including cardiovascular, neurological, metabolic or neoplastic disorders. This review focuses on the implication of TRP proteins in the pathogenesis of some of the most prevalent disorders in human. We summarize the current findings regarding the role of TRP proteins in the development of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus as well as diabetic complications, and tumorigenesis and present TRP proteins as targets of potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

PIP2 and PIP3 interact with N-terminus region of TRPM4 channel

“…TRPs are a diverse family of proteins expressed in many organisms, tissues and cell types. Their variety is demonstrated by proposed functions: transmission of painful stimuli, modulation of vascular tone, involvement in pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, supply of intracellular calcium stores and modulation of cell cycle, [3,4]. In sensory neurons, TRPs contribute to many of activities including thermal sensation, homeostasis of body temperature and pain [5].…”

“…In the central nervous system (CNS), they have been associated with synaptic transmission, neurogenesis and brain development [6,7]. These special nociceptive receptors are transporters of mono and bivalent cations into the cell [3]. The structure of TRPs was unknown for a long time, despite numerous crystallization attempts to resolve their structure, recently almost the entire three-dimensional structure of the vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) receptor was determined by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy [8][9][10].…”

TRPV6 modulates proliferation of human pancreatic neuroendocrine BON-1 tumour cells

“…One of them is the TRP vanilloid family (TRPV), which consists of six ion channels. TRPVs modulate a variety of cellular processes including hormone secretion, cell migration as well as growth and apoptosis [1,2]. Numerous studies collectively indicated that these effects are predominantly mediated by calcium-dependent mechanisms [3–6].…”

Future Perspective of Single-Molecule FRET Biosensors and Intravital FRET Microscopy

“…Since these FRET biosensors are designed to sense the structural changes in proteins that organize the actin cytoskeleton for cell-cell or cell-substrate interactions, other molecules such as N-cadherin, a-catenin, integrins, paxillin, talin, and p130 Cas (67,68) can be utilized for biosensors with better sensitivity and dynamic range. Another candidate may be transient receptor potential (TRP) channel proteins, which respond to a variety of stimuli, including mechanical or chemical stimuli, temperature, or osmolarity (69). After selecting the most appropriate protein, it is necessary to optimize the FPs for deep tissue imaging, as discussed above.…”