Functional and morphological evaluation of blue light-emitting diode-induced retinal degeneration in mice

Kim, Gyu Hyun; Kim, Hyung Il; Paik, Sun-Sook; Jung, Sung Won; Kang, Seungbum; Kim, In‐Beom

doi:10.1007/s00417-015-3258-x

Cited by 54 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The first light-induced model of retinal degeneration was demonstrated by Noell et al in albino rats [71]. Since then, several researchers have used similar protocols that differ with respect to the presence of genetic susceptibility of the animal, intensity, wavelength, and duration of light exposure [72][73][74]. Shorter wavelengths closer to 3 Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity the blue region of the electromagnetic spectrum have been found to have the highest risk for retinal degeneration compared to the longer wavelengths [59].…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Role of Oxidative Stress in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Evidence from a Review of the Molecular Mechanisms and Animal Models

Abokyi

Lam

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

122

112

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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common cause of visual impairment in the elderly. There are very limited therapeutic options for AMD with the predominant therapies targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the retina of patients afflicted with wet AMD. Hence, it is important to remind readers, especially those interested in AMD, about current studies that may help to develop novel therapies for other stages of AMD. This study, therefore, provides a comprehensive review of studies on human specimens as well as rodent models of the disease, to identify and analyze the molecular mechanisms behind AMD development and progression. The evaluation of this information highlights the central role that oxidative damage in the retina plays in contributing to major pathways, including inflammation and angiogenesis, found in the AMD phenotype. Following on the debate of oxidative stress as the earliest injury in the AMD pathogenesis, we demonstrated how the targeting of oxidative stress-associated pathways, such as autophagy and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling, might be the futuristic direction to explore in the search of an effective treatment for AMD, as the dysregulation of these mechanisms is crucial to oxidative injury in the retina. In addition, animal models of AMD have been discussed in great detail, with their strengths and pitfalls included, to assist inform in the selection of suitable models for investigating any of the molecular mechanisms.

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Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Role of Oxidative Stress in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Evidence from a Review of the Molecular Mechanisms and Animal Models

Abokyi

Lam

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

122

112

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“…Blue LEDs have been used to optically stimulate retinal cells of flies [11] and mice [12, 13, 14]. In each of these studies, custom-made LED-based stimulators were fabricated and used.…”

Section: Hardware In Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

A programmable optical stimulator for the Drosophila eye

et al. 2017

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A programmable optical stimulator for Drosophila eyes is presented. The target application of the stimulator is to induce retinal degeneration in fly photoreceptor cells by exposing them to light in a controlled manner. The goal of this work is to obtain a reproducible system for studying age-related changes in susceptibility to environmental ocular stress. The stimulator uses light emitting diodes and an embedded computer to control illuminance, color (blue or red) and duration in two independent chambers. Further, the stimulator is equipped with per-chamber light and temperature sensors and a fan to monitor light intensity and to control temperature. An ON/OFF temperature control implemented on the embedded computer keeps the temperature from reaching levels that will induce the heat shock stress response in the flies. A custom enclosure was fabricated to house the electronic components of the stimulator. The enclosure provides a light-impermeable environment that allows air flow and lets users easily load and unload fly vials. Characterization results show that the fabricated stimulator can produce light at illuminances ranging from 0 to 16000 lux and power density levels from 0 to 7.2 mW/cm2 for blue light. For red light the maximum illuminance is 8000 lux which corresponds to a power density of 3.54 mW/cm2. The fans and the ON/OFF temperature control are able to keep the temperature inside the chambers below 28.17°C. Experiments with white-eye male flies were performed to assess the ability of the fabricated simulator to induce blue light-dependent retinal degeneration. Retinal degeneration is observed in flies exposed to 8 hours of blue light at 7949 lux. Flies in a control experiment with no light exposure show no retinal degeneration. Flies exposed to red light for the similar duration and light intensity (8 hours and 7994 lux) do not show retinal degeneration either. Hence, the fabricated stimulator can be used to create environmental ocular stress using blue light.

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“…), but due to the penetration into the eye, the relatively high intensities required and retinotoxic effect of blue light (Kim et al. ; Jaadane et al. ), it has limited potential solitarily as a therapeutic in keratitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photochemical eradication of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus by blue light activation of riboflavin

Makdoumi

Goodrich

Bäckman

2017

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Functional and morphological evaluation of blue light-emitting diode-induced retinal degeneration in mice

Cited by 54 publications

References 41 publications

Central Role of Oxidative Stress in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Evidence from a Review of the Molecular Mechanisms and Animal Models

Central Role of Oxidative Stress in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Evidence from a Review of the Molecular Mechanisms and Animal Models

A programmable optical stimulator for the Drosophila eye

Photochemical eradication of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus by blue light activation of riboflavin

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