Functional and Morphological Changes in Endocrine Pancreas following Cola Drink Consumption in Rats

Otero‐Losada, Matilde; Cao, Gabriel; González, Julián; Müller, Angélica; Ottaviano, G; Lillig, Christopher Horst; Capani, Francisco; Ambrosio, Giuseppe; Milei, José

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118700

Cited by 18 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Cola drinking induced overall changes in plasma biochemistry and in pancreatic islets morphology in agreement with previous reports [ 22 – 24 ]. Previously, we reported replication of most features of metabolic syndrome in our experimental model of cola drink consumption.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In regard to our previous publications [ 24 , 25 ], different rat batches from the same breeders were used in the respective experiments at, of course, not only different seasons but different years as well. The experimental design in the present study is analogous to that reported recently in this journal [ 25 ] though different sets of animals were evaluated for respectively different purposes according to the respective topics of the study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently we reported that 6 months of cola-drinking induce MetS-like features: hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, mild overweight and insulin resistance, and affects endocrine pancreas morphology in rats [ 22 – 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise Ameliorates Endocrine Pancreas Damage Induced by Chronic Cola Drinking in Rats

et al. 2016

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PurposeThis study evaluates whether the daily practice of an exercise routine might protect from endocrine pancreas damage in cola drinking rats.MethodsForty-eight Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups depending on a) beverage consumption ad libitum, water (W) or cola beverage (C), and b) physical activity, sedentary (S) or treadmill running (R). Accordingly, 4 groups were studied: WS (water sedentary), WR (water runner), CS (cola sedentary) and CR (cola runner). Body weight, nutritional data, plasma levels of glucose, creatinine, total cholesterol and cholesterol fractions, and triglycerides (enzymocolorimetry), and systolic blood pressure (plethysmography) were measured. After 6 months, euthanasia was performed (overdose sodium thiopental). Pancreatic tissue was immediately excised and conventionally processed for morphometrical and immunohistochemical determinations.ResultsThe effects of running and chronic cola drinking on pancreas morphology showed interaction (p<0.001) rather than simple summation. Cola drinking (CS vs WS) reduced median pancreatic islet area (-30%, 1.8 104 μm2 vs 2.58 104 μm2, p<0.0001) and median β-cell mass (-43%, 3.81 mg vs 6.73 mg, p<0.0001), and increased median α/β ratio (+49%, 0.64 vs 0.43, p< 0.001). In water drinking rats (WR vs WS), running reduced median α-cell mass (-48%, 1.48 mg vs 2.82 mg, p<0.001) and α/β ratio (-56%, 0.19 vs 0.43, p<0.0001). Differently, in cola drinking rats (CR vs CS), running partially restored median islet area (+15%, 2.06 104 μm2 vs 1.79 104 μm2, p<0.05), increased median β-cell mass (+47%, 5.59 mg vs 3.81 mg, p <0.0001) and reduced median α/β ratio (-6%, 0.60 vs 0.64, p<0.05).ConclusionThis study is likely the first reporting experimental evidence of the beneficial effect of exercise on pancreatic morphology in cola-drinking rats. Presently, the increase of nearly 50% in β cells mass by running in cola drinking rats is by far the most relevant finding. Moderate running, advisably indicated in cola consumers and patients at risk of diabetes, finds here experimental support.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise Ameliorates Endocrine Pancreas Damage Induced by Chronic Cola Drinking in Rats

et al. 2016

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“…Proposed mechanisms by which sugar-sweetened beverage intake may increase diabetes risk are predominantly related to induced insulin resistance (29) and include decrease in hepatic insulin sensitivity (30), adverse effects of increased insulin demand due to high intermittent spikes in blood glucose levels (16) and increase in inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (31). Another possibility is that the increased risk is mediated by increases in overweight (32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sweetened beverage intake and risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and type 2 diabetes

Löfvenborg

Andersson

Carlsson

et al. 2016

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Sweetened beverage intake is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, but its association with autoimmune diabetes is unclear. We aimed to investigate sweetened beverage intake and risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA); autoimmune diabetes with features of type 2 diabetes. Design/methods: Data from a Swedish population-based study was used, including incident cases of LADA (n = 357) and type 2 diabetes (n = 1136) and randomly selected controls (n = 1371). Diabetes classification was based on onset age (≥35), glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADA) and C-peptide. Sweetened beverage intake information was derived from a validated food frequency questionnaire. ORs adjusted for age, sex, family history of diabetes, education, lifestyle, diet, energy intake and BMI were estimated using logistic regression. Results: Daily intake of >2 servings of sweetened beverages (consumed by 6% of participants) was associated with increased risk of LADA (OR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.11-3.56), and for each 200 mL daily serving, OR was 1.15 (95% CI: 1.02-1.29). Findings were similar for sugar-sweetened (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.00-1.39) and artificially sweetened beverages (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.95-1.32). Similarly, each daily serving increment in total sweetened beverage conferred 20% higher type 2 diabetes risk (95% CI: 1.07-1.34). In type 2 diabetes patients, high consumers displayed higher HOMA-IR levels (4.5 vs 3.5, P = 0.0002), but lower HOMA-B levels (55 vs 70, P = 0.0378) than non-consumers. Similar tendencies were seen in LADA. Conclusions: High intake of sweetened beverages was associated with increased risk of LADA. The observed relationship resembled that with type 2 diabetes, suggesting common pathways possibly involving insulin resistance.

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“…Significant consumption of large amounts of sugar, such as sucrose, independently increases the risk of becoming overweight and obese (Stanhope, 2016). Additionally, sugar sweetened dietary intake not only elevates calories that, in turn, increase fat and weight, but also may affect glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity (Malik et al, 2013;Otero-Losada et al, 2015). Recent studies found that a high intake of sweetened food and beverage elevates the risk of insulin resistance, which consequently decreases hepatic insulin sensitivity and triggers the onset of type 2 diabetes (Bhupathiraju et al, 2013;Maki et al, 2015;Sakurai et al, 2014).…”

Section: Sweeteners Obesity and Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of sweeteners and sweetness enhancers on obesity and diabetes: a review

Jiao¹,

Wang²

2018

JFB

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Sweet taste, one of the five basic taste qualities, is not only important for evaluation of food quality, but also guides the dietary food choices of animals. Sweet taste involves a variety of chemical compounds and structures, including natural sugars, sugar alcohols, natural and artificial sweeteners, and sweet-tasting proteins. The preference for sweetness has induced the over-consumption of sugar, contributing to certain prevailing health problems, such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Non-nutritive sweeteners, including natural and synthetic sweeteners, and sweet-tasting proteins have been added to foods to reduce the caloric intake from sugar, but many of these sugar substitutes induce an off-taste or after taste that negatively impacts any pleasure derived from the sweet taste. Sweet taste is detected by sweet taste receptor, that also play an important role in the metabolic regulation of the body, such as glucose homeostasis and incretin hormone secretion. In this review, the role of sweet tastants and the sweet taste receptors involved in sweetness perception, and their effect on obesity and diabetes are summarized. Sweet taste enhancement, as a new way to solve the over-consumption of sugar, is discussed in this contribution. Sweet taste enhancers can bind with sweet tastans to potentiate the sweetness of food without producing any taste by itself. Various type of sweet taste enhancers, including synthetic compounds, food-processed substances and aroma compounds, are summarized. Notably, few natural, non-volatile compounds have been identified as sweetness enhancers.

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Functional and Morphological Changes in Endocrine Pancreas following Cola Drink Consumption in Rats

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

Exercise Ameliorates Endocrine Pancreas Damage Induced by Chronic Cola Drinking in Rats

Exercise Ameliorates Endocrine Pancreas Damage Induced by Chronic Cola Drinking in Rats

Sweetened beverage intake and risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and type 2 diabetes

The effects of sweeteners and sweetness enhancers on obesity and diabetes: a review

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