Background: Colon interposition has become the gold standard for treating patients with congenital or acquired, benign or malignant esophageal strictures. However, a variety of late complications have been reported, including anastomotic leak, anastomotic stricture, gastro-colic reflux, and colon-graft stricture. Case Report: We here reported the case of 74-year-old female who was admitted to our hospital due to the serious dysphagia for 2 months and apparent loss of weight. The patient had undergone esophageal reconstruction using colonic interposition for esophageal malignancy at the age of 41. As proven by histopathology, the patient presented with the rare complication of an adenocarcinoma developing in the graft. Conclusions: The new onset of dysphagia after surgery is likely to be due to the recurrent malignancy. We review the actual literature concerning complications of colon interposition and discuss the postoperative morbidity as a cause of recurrent dysphagia or other symptoms.