Functional Anatomy of the Motor and Non‐Motor Circuitry of the Basal Ganglia

Smith, Yoland

doi:10.1002/9781444397970.ch4

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“…Despite the limited knowledge about the organization of non-motor corticosubthalamic projections compared with the detailed analyzes of the corticostriatal systems, the STN is also topographically divided into functional territories, mainly based on its connections with specific functionally segregated regions of the globus pallidus (Figure 3 ). The dorsolateral and dorsomedial STN primarily processes motor-related information, the ventrolateral STN is the main target of associative-related pallidal inputs, while the ventromedial tip of the STN is primarily connected with limbic pallidal regions including the ventral pallidum (Parent, 1990 ; Shink et al, 1996 ; Karachi et al, 2005 ; Smith, 2011 ). In primates, cortical inputs from the primary MI innervate the dorsolateral STN, while the supplementary motor area (SMA), pre-motor cortex (PM), and cingulate motor cortex (CM) send projections to the dorsomedial STN (Nambu et al, 1996 , 1997 ; Takada et al, 2001 ; Figure 3 ).…”

Section: Functional Segregation Of Corticostriatal Versus Corticosubtmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Corticostriatal and Corticosubthalamic Pathways: Two Entries, One Target. So What?

Mathai

Smith

2011

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

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The basal ganglia receive cortical inputs through two main stations – the striatum and the subthalamic nucleus (STN). The information flowing along the corticostriatal system is transmitted to the basal ganglia circuitry via the “direct and indirect” striatofugal pathways, while information that flows through the STN is transmitted along the so-called “hyperdirect” pathway. The functional significance of this dual entry system is not clear. Although the corticostriatal system has been thoroughly characterized anatomically and electrophysiologically, such is not the case for the corticosubthalamic system. In order to provide further insights into the intricacy of this complex anatomical organization, this review examines and compares the anatomical and functional organization of the corticostriatal and corticosubthalamic systems, and highlights some key issues that must be addressed to better understand the mechanisms by which these two neural systems may interact to regulate basal ganglia functions and dysfunctions.

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