Functional Anatomy of the Eustachian Tube

Eustachian tube–Tensor veli palatini muscle–cranial base relationships in children and adults: An osteological study

“…While there are no published data on the vector relationships between the mTVP and mcET, cadaver dissections of adult specimens provide evidence supporting the accuracy for the values of certain measured and calculated variables in the present study. For example, the distance between the hard palate and anterior mcET orifice was reported to increase with advancing age [17] which is consistent with the data for that measure in the present study; the length of the adult mcET was reported to be approximately 24–25 mm [10, 11] as compared to 24.5 mm in the present study; the angle between the adult CB and mcET was reported to vary between 30 and 40 degrees [9, 10] as compared to 33.0 degrees for the present study, and the medial angle of the adult mcET from the parasagittal plane was reported to be approximately 45 degrees [10] as compared to 43.6 degrees for the present study.…”

“…the ET system) has been described previously [9–11]. Of importance to the present study is the vector relationship of the functional portion of the ET, the membrano-cartilagenous ET (mcET), to the CB and the vector relationship of the mTVP muscle to the mcET.…”

Functional Swallowing Units (FSUs) as organs-at-risk for radiotherapy. PART 1: Physiology and anatomy

“…The longitudinal pharyngeal muscles (LPM) include three twin muscles of the upper part of the pharynx: the salpingopharyngeal, palatopharyngeal and stylopharyngeal muscles. The salpingopharyngeal muscle arises from the medial cartilage of the pharyngotympanic tube, forming the posterior edge of the torus tubarius [41]. It passes downwards and, approximately at the level of and behind the palatine tonsil, it joins and connects to the other longitudinal muscle, the palatopharyngeal muscle (Fig.…”

Anatomy of the auditory tube and related structures in the rhesus monkey (<i>Macaca mulatt</i><i>a</i>)

“…It has been suggested that dilation of the human auditory tube may be assisted by con traction of the internal pterygoid, salpingopharyngeus and levator veli palatini, alone or in combination [Pitman, 1931;Simkins, 1943]. However, most investigators agree that tubal dilation is accomplished solely by the tensor veli palatini muscle and, specifically, by the medial bundle of that muscle or dilatator tubae muscle [McMyn, 1940;Ross, 1971;Rood and Doyle, 1978], In this light, we could review the anatomy of the previously men tioned muscles and attempt to relate this to their possible actions.…”