Functional anatomy of taste perception in the human brain studied with positron emission tomography

Kinomura, Shigeo; Kawashima, Ryuta; Yamada, Kenji; Ono, Sachiko; Itoh, Masatoshi; Yoshioka, Seiro; Yamaguchi, Tatsuo; Matsui, Hiroki; Miyazawa, Hidemitsu; Itoh, Hiroshi; Goto, Ryoi; Fujiwara, Takehiko; Satoh, Kazunori; Fukuda, Hiroshi

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)90890-7

Cited by 159 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Increases in regional brain activity have been observed in the anterior insular cortex during another study of recall-induced sadness (7), lactate-induced panic (23), normal anticipatory anxiety (22), simple phobia (35), the perception of temperature and pain (36), taste (37), and the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (38). In this study we observed activity increases in the anterior insular cortex during recall-induced sadness.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

Neuroanatomical correlates of happiness, sadness, and disgust

1997

AJP

626

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T he concept of basic or primary emotions originated with Charles Darwin (1) in his classic study in 1872 titled The Expression of Emotion in Man and Animals. Darwin believed that certain patterns of behavior such as displays of emotion were genetically based biological mechanisms that evolved to serve the survival needs of the individual and the species. The concept of primary emotions was further elaborated in this century by Tomkins (2), Izard (3), Plutchik (4), and others. The universality of certain basic emotions was supported by the work of Ekman and Friesen (5), who found that facial expressions for certain emotions were universally displayed and recognized in all cultures studied, suggesting that they were not the result of learning. More recent developmental studies reveal that human infants display the facial expressions of anger, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise, and disgust during the first year of life (6). These observations support the hypothesis that a distinct neurological network may exist for certain primary emotions in humans.Positron emission tomography (PET) studies of emotion in normal individuals have to date been few in number (7-11). For example, Pardo and colleagues (7) induced sadness by asking seven normal men and women to think sad thoughts and observed increased brain activity in bilateral inferior and orbitofrontal cortex. George and colleagues (9) studied happiness and sadness in 11 normal women by combining recall of a personal experience and viewing a picture displaying the corresponding facial affect. Sadness was associated with increased activity bilaterally in anterior cingulate, medial prefrontal, and mesial temporal cortex, as well as in brainstem, thalamus, and caudate/putamen. Happiness was associated with decreased activity in right

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

Neuroanatomical correlates of happiness, sadness, and disgust

1997

AJP

626

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“…This increase in regional brain activity was significantly greater during recall-generated sadness than during either film-generated sadness or recall-generated happiness (3). Increased activity in the vicinity of the anterior insular cortex was also found during another study of recall-generated sadness (8) and studies of lactate-induced panic attacks (35), normal anticipatory anxiety (6), the perception of temperature and pain (36), taste (37), and the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (38). These findings and others (39) lead us to postulate that this region is preferentially involved in the evaluative, experiential, or expressive aspects of internally generated negative emotions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Neuroanatomical correlates of externally and internally generated human emotion

Reiman

Lane²,

Ahern³

et al. 1997

AJP

626

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“…Activation of the posterior insula has mostly been observed as being associated with activation of S2, and very often both activations overlap (21,45,47). The anterior insula is consistently activated in emotional tasks with negative affective components, such as tasting salt (48) or viewing faces of disgust (49). The anterior insular activation in the patients with FMS may indicate a stronger affective response to the pain stimuli, which in turn may be associated with their higher level of distress.…”

Section: Augmented Pain Processing In Idiopathic Chronic Low Back Painmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of augmented central pain processing in idiopathic chronic low back pain

Giesecke¹,

Gracely²,

Grant³

et al. 2004

Arthritis & Rheumatism

714

456

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Objective. For many individuals with chronic low back pain (CLBP), there is no identifiable cause. In other idiopathic chronic pain conditions, sensory testing and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have identified the occurrence of generalized increased pain sensitivity, hyperalgesia, and altered brain processing, suggesting central augmentation of pain processing in such conditions. We compared the results of both of these methods as applied to patients with idiopathic CLBP (n ‫؍‬ 11), patients with widespread pain (fibromyalgia; n ‫؍‬ 16), and healthy control subjects (n ‫؍‬ 11).Methods. Patients with CLBP had low back pain persisting for at least 12 months that was unexplained by MRI/radiographic changes. Experimental pain testing was performed at a neutral site (thumbnail) to assess the pressure-pain threshold in all subjects. For fMRI studies, stimuli of equal pressure (2 kg) and of equal subjective pain intensity (slightly intense pain) were applied to this same site.Results. Despite low numbers of tender points in the CLBP group, experimental pain testing revealed hyperalgesia in this group as well as in the fibromyalgia group; the pressure required to produce slightly intense pain was significantly higher in the controls (5.6 kg) than in the patients with CLBP (3.9 kg) (P ‫؍‬ 0.03) or the patients with fibromyalgia (3.5 kg) (P ‫؍‬ 0.006).When equal amounts of pressure were applied to the 3 groups, fMRI detected 5 common regions of neuronal activation in pain-related cortical areas in the CLBP and fibromyalgia groups (in the contralateral primary and secondary [S2] somatosensory cortices, inferior parietal lobule, cerebellum, and ipsilateral S2). This same stimulus resulted in only a single activation in controls (in the contralateral S2 somatosensory cortex). When subjects in the 3 groups received stimuli that evoked subjectively equal pain, fMRI revealed common neuronal activations in all 3 groups.Conclusion. At equal levels of pressure, patients with CLBP or fibromyalgia experienced significantly more pain and showed more extensive, common patterns of neuronal activation in pain-related cortical areas. When stimuli that elicited equally painful responses were applied (requiring significantly lower pressure in both patient groups as compared with the control group), neuronal activations were similar among the 3 groups. These findings are consistent with the occurrence of augmented central pain processing in patients with idiopathic CLBP.Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is one of the most common and expensive musculoskeletal disorders in developed countries (1,2). Back pain in general affects 70-85% of all people at some time in their lives, but 90% of affected individuals recover, typically within 12 weeks (3). Recovery after 12 weeks is slow and uncertain, and this subset of patients with CLBP accounts for major expenses in the health care and disability systems (2,4).Despite the magnitude of the problem, little is known about the precise cause of CLBP. There is often a mismatch between objectiv...

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Functional anatomy of taste perception in the human brain studied with positron emission tomography

Cited by 159 publications

References 16 publications

Neuroanatomical correlates of happiness, sadness, and disgust

Neuroanatomical correlates of happiness, sadness, and disgust

Neuroanatomical correlates of externally and internally generated human emotion

Evidence of augmented central pain processing in idiopathic chronic low back pain

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