Functional analysis of the stratum corneum of scalp skin: studies in patients with alopecia areata and androgenetic alopecia

O’goshi, Ken-ichiro; Iguchi, Masayuki; Tagami, Hachiro

doi:10.1007/s004030000185

Cited by 59 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We think that the reason why the facial skin of adult women hardly becomes dry even in winter is that in contrast to the forearm it is covered with sebum due to the ample sebum secretion despite the environmental seasonal changes. In our former studies, we found that removal of the skin surface lipids from the cheek or scalp with ether even for a short period of time definitely decreased the skin surface hydration, which however, returned to former levels in a few hours with sebum secretion [6,15]. Such a quick recovery in the skin surface hydration state is never observed on the skin of the flexor surface of the extremities where sebum secretion is negligible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

The Winter Season Affects More Severely the Facial Skin than the Forearm Skin: Comparative Biophysical Studies Conducted in the Same Japanese Females in Later Summer and Winter

Kikuchi

Kobayashi

Fur³

et al. 2002

Exog Dermatol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Skin disorders such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and senile xerosis show a tendency to exacerbate in winter. We investigated the seasonal influence on the functional parameters of the skin in healthy female volunteers of different age groups. Biophysical noninvasive measurements, including transepidermal water loss (TEWL) as a parameter for the barrier function of the stratum corneum (SC), high-frequency conductance as a parameter for the hydration state of the SC, temperature, color and casual surface lipid levels, were conducted during the later summer and winter months in 39 healthy adult Japanese females ranging in age from 24 to 78 years. The measurements were made on the cheek, the exposed area, and flexor forearm, the semicovered area, in the same climate-controlled chamber. The barrier function of the SC was found to be significantly impaired in winter both on the cheek and flexor forearm. This difference between summer and winter was much larger on the cheek than on the forearm. The hydration state of the SC was significantly lower in winter on the flexor forearm, whereas no such seasonal change was apparent on the cheek where sebum levels did not show any seasonal change. We measured the corneocyte size in 24 out of the 39 subjects to estimate a seasonal change of the turnover rate of the SC. It tended to be smaller only on the exposed cheek skin, suggesting an enhanced turnover of the SC in winter, whereas it was somewhat larger on the semicovered flexor forearm. The skin surface temperature and redness were also significantly higher on the cheek in winter. We think that subclinical inflammation resulted in the enhanced turnover rate of the SC associated with elevated TEWL levels observed on the face in winter. In conclusion, the obtained data suggest that the exposed facial skin becomes more irritable under the influence of the dry and cold environment of winter even in healthy individuals where the barrier function of the SC is relatively poor as compared to the skin of other areas.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

The Winter Season Affects More Severely the Facial Skin than the Forearm Skin: Comparative Biophysical Studies Conducted in the Same Japanese Females in Later Summer and Winter

Kikuchi

Kobayashi

Fur³

et al. 2002

Exog Dermatol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Scalp urticaria usually does not present with the classic findings of erythema and edema, because of the scalp's skin structure. Rather, patients complain of irritation, pruritus, stinging, or burning of the scalp [44,45] .…”

Section: Urticarial Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalp Itch: A Systematic Review

Vázquez-Herrera

Sharma

Aleid

et al. 2017

Skin Appendage Disord

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ated with a desire to scratch [1] . Just like skin pruritus, its etiology may be of dermatological or non-dermatological origin. It is common for the dermatologist to encounter patients with no evident cause of scalp pruritus, making it a distressing situation for both the clinician and the patient. The aim of this paper is to review the clinical signs of the most common causes of scalp itch and other less common causes that must be considered in a systematic approach to scalp pruritus. Materials and MethodsWe performed a MEDLINE search through PubMed (1975PubMed ( -2017, using the terms scalp itch and scalp pruritus and included clinical trials, review articles, case series, and case reports to search for the causes of scalp itch. PathophysiologyAlthough various pathogenic etiologies contribute to scalp pruritus, the scalp itself has distinct neuroanatomy and vasculature, specific neuromediators and corresponding receptors, as well as the presence of scalp sebum and microflora, which are all properties that may explain its tendency to be implicated in patients who complain of itch. Keywords Scalp · Itch · Pruritus · Seborrheic dermatitis · Contact dermatitis · Anxiety · Lichen planopilaris · Lice · Pediculosis · Psoriasis · Trichoscopy AbstractScalp itch is a frequent complaint in the dermatological setting. It is common for the dermatologist to encounter patients with no evident cause of scalp pruritus, making it a distressing situation for both the clinician and the patient. The aim of this paper is to propose a systematic approach to scalp itch, which classifies scalp pruritus into two types: (1) with or (2) without dermatological lesions, and presence or absence of hair loss. Also, it is important to think first about the most common causes and then rule out other, less common etiologies. The acronym SCALLP and the five steps for scalp evaluation (listen, look, touch, magnify, and sample) are useful tools to keep in mind for an assertive approach in these patients.

show abstract

“…It is important in playing a role of drug partitioning from the vehicle to SC. Sebumderived lipids are especially abundant on the scalp skin (26). Sebum removal did not change DPCP deposition from the free control, suggesting that the outermost sebum partitioning was not a rate-limiting process for this drug.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Although nude mouse skin is thinner and more permeable as compared to human skin, it is still an alternative for skindelivery examination due to limited variability among individuals (25). Patients with alopecia areata or androgenetic alopecia often reveal lesional scalp skin with a reduced epidermal barrier function (26,27). Since DPCP and minoxidil are most frequently applied for scalp treatment, nude mouse skin is especially suitable as the alternative for lesional scalp skin because the permeability of the scalp is higher than that of the other anatomical regions (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Squarticles as a Lipid Nanocarrier for Delivering Diphencyprone and Minoxidil to Hair Follicles and Human Dermal Papilla Cells

Aljuffali

Sung

Shen

et al. 2013

AAPS J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Delivery of diphencyprone (DPCP) and minoxidil to hair follicles and related cells is important in the treatment of alopecia. Here we report the development of "squarticles," nanoparticles formed from sebum-derived lipids such as squalene and fatty esters, for use in achieving targeted drug delivery to the follicles. Two different nanosystems, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) and nanoemulsions (NE), were prepared. The physicochemical properties of squarticles, including size, zeta potential, drug encapsulation efficiency, and drug release, were examined. Squarticles were compared to a free control solution with respect to skin absorption, follicular accumulation, and dermal papilla cell targeting. The particle size of the NLC type was 177 nm; that of the NE type was 194 nm. Approximately 80% of DPCP and 60% of minoxidil were entrapped into squarticles. An improved drug deposition in the skin was observed in the in vitro absorption test. Compared to the free control, the squarticles reduced minoxidil penetration through the skin. This may indicate a minimized absorption into systemic circulation. Follicular uptake by squarticles was 2-and 7-fold higher for DPCP and minoxidil respectively compared to the free control. Fluorescence and confocal images of the skin confirmed a great accumulation of squarticles in the follicles and the deeper skin strata. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in dermal papilla cells was significantly upregulated after the loading of minoxidil into the squarticles. In vitro papilla cell viability and in vivo skin irritancy tests in nude mice suggested a good tolerability of squarticles to skin. Squarticles provide a promising nanocarrier for topical delivery of DPCP and minoxidil.

show abstract

Functional analysis of the stratum corneum of scalp skin: studies in patients with alopecia areata and androgenetic alopecia

Cited by 59 publications

References 12 publications

The Winter Season Affects More Severely the Facial Skin than the Forearm Skin: Comparative Biophysical Studies Conducted in the Same Japanese Females in Later Summer and Winter

The Winter Season Affects More Severely the Facial Skin than the Forearm Skin: Comparative Biophysical Studies Conducted in the Same Japanese Females in Later Summer and Winter

Scalp Itch: A Systematic Review

Squarticles as a Lipid Nanocarrier for Delivering Diphencyprone and Minoxidil to Hair Follicles and Human Dermal Papilla Cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About