Functional analysis of the MAPK pathways in fungi

Martínez‐Soto, Domingo; Ruíz-Herrera, José

doi:10.1016/j.riam.2017.02.006

Cited by 110 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…However, these microorganisms are not taxonomically related to the Exophiala genus. The HOG kinase is well characterized to be essential in the response to salt stress in many organisms [50]. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report which directly demonstrates that fungal dimorphic change was triggered by high salt concentrations.…”

Section: Strainmentioning

confidence: 74%

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Removal by Novel Extremotolerant Exophiala and Rhodotorula Spp. from an Oil Polluted Site in Mexico

Ide-Pérez

Fernández-López

Sánchez-Reyes

et al. 2020

JoF

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Since Aromatic hydrocarbons are recalcitrant and toxic, strategies to remove them are needed. The aim of this work was to isolate fungi capable of using aromatic hydrocarbons as carbon sources. Two isolates from an oil polluted site in Mexico were identified through morphological and molecular markers as a novel Rhodotorula sp. and an Exophiala sp. Both strains were able to grow in a wide range of pH media, from 4 to 12, showing their optimal growth at alkaline pH’s and are both halotolerant. The Exophiala strain switched from hyphae to yeast morphotype in high salinity conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of salt triggering dimorphism. The Rhodotorula strain, which is likely a new undescribed species, was capable of removing singled ringed aromatic compounds such as benzene, xylene, and toluene, but could not remove benzo[a] pyrene nor phenanthrene. Nevertheless, these hydrocarbons did not impair its growth. The Exophiala strain showed a different removal capacity. It could remove the polyaromatic hydrocarbons but performed poorly at removing toluene and xylene. Nevertheless, it still could grow well in the presence of the aromatic compounds. These strains could have a potential for aromatic compounds removal.

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Section: Strainmentioning

confidence: 74%

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Removal by Novel Extremotolerant Exophiala and Rhodotorula Spp. from an Oil Polluted Site in Mexico

Ide-Pérez

Fernández-López

Sánchez-Reyes

et al. 2020

JoF

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“…Deletion of division 1 chitin synthases chs1 to chs3 seems to critically contribute to vegetative development but only chs2 upregulation seems to compensate also for cell wall stress (Fig 3A). Moreover, environmental stimuli trigger remodeling processes in the cell wall, including chitin and chitosan rearrangements to protect the fungus in hostile environments [72,102]. For example, we identified the class VI CHS6 as an exclusive osmo-responder ( Fig 3A).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Chitin and chitosan remodeling defines vegetative development and Trichoderma biocontrol

et al. 2020

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Fungal parasitism depends on the ability to invade host organisms and mandates adaptive cell wall remodeling to avoid detection and defense reactions by the host. All plant and human pathogens share invasive strategies, which aid to escape the chitin-triggered and chitin-targeted host immune system. Here we describe the full spectrum of the chitin/chitosan-modifying enzymes in the mycoparasite Trichoderma atroviride with a central role in cell wall remodeling. Rapid adaption to a variety of growth conditions, environmental stresses and host defense mechanisms such as oxidative stress depend on the concerted interplay of these enzymes and, ultimately, are necessary for the success of the mycoparasitic attack. To our knowledge, we provide the first in class description of chitin and associated glycopolymer synthesis in a mycoparasite and demonstrate that they are essential for biocontrol. Eight chitin synthases, six chitin deacetylases, additional chitinolytic enzymes, including six chitosanases, transglycosylases as well as accessory proteins are involved in this intricately regulated process. Systematic and biochemical classification, phenotypic characterization and mycoparasitic confrontation assays emphasize the importance of chitin and chitosan assembly in vegetative development and biocontrol in T. atroviride. Our findings critically contribute to understanding the molecular mechanism of chitin synthesis in filamentous fungi and mycoparasites with the overarching goal to selectively exploit the discovered biocontrol strategies.

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“…All cells have signaling pathways required to transmit the stress signals from outside and to develop the response and gene expression changes required to adapt and survive. Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, are major signaling pathways in the transduction of the signals from the cell surface to the nucleus ( Martinez-Soto and Ruiz-Herrera, 2017 ). They include sensors that detect environmental changes and transmit the signal to other proteins that in turn activate the MAPK module.…”

Section: Cell Integrity Signaling In Fission Yeastmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S. pombe has three MAPK pathways: the pheromone signaling pathway with Spk1 as MAPK ( Shiozaki and Russell, 1995 ), the stress-activated pathway (SAP) with Sty1/Spc1 as MAPK ( Toda et al, 1993 ), and the cell integrity pathway (CIP) with Pmk1/Spm1 as MAPK that responds to numerous stress conditions, such as hypo- or hyper-osmotic pressure, absence of glucose, cell wall damage, and oxidative stress, and that also participates in cytokinesis, and ion homeostasis ( Toda et al, 1996 , Sengar et al, 1997 , Zaitsevskaya-Carter and Cooper, 1997 , Bone et al, 1998 , Sugiura et al, 1999 , Loewith et al, 2000 , Madrid et al, 2006 , Barba et al, 2008 ). The cell integrity MAPK is conserved in all fungi and shows a high degree of similarity to mammalian ERK1/2 and ERK5 ( Perez and Cansado, 2010 , Levin, 2011 , Martinez-Soto and Ruiz-Herrera, 2017 ).…”

Section: Cell Integrity Signaling In Fission Yeastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fission yeast cell wall biosynthesis and cell integrity signalling

et al. 2018

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The cell wall is a structure external to the plasma membrane that is essential for the survival of the fungi. This polysaccharidic structure confers resistance to the cell internal turgor pressure and protection against mechanical injury. The fungal wall is also responsible for the shape of these organisms due to different structural polysaccharides, such as β-(1,3)-glucan, which form fibers and confer rigidity to the cell wall. These polysaccharides are not present in animal cells and therefore they constitute excellent targets for antifungal chemotherapies. Cell wall damage leads to the activation of MAPK signaling pathways, which respond to the damage by activating the repair of the wall and the maintenance of the cell integrity. Fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is a model organism for the study morphogenesis, cell wall, and how different inputs might regulate this structure. We present here a short overview of the fission yeast wall composition and provide information about the main biosynthetic activities that assemble this cell wall. Additionally, we comment the recent advances in the knowledge of the cell wall functions and discuss the role of the cell integrity MAPK signaling pathway in the regulation of fission yeast wall.

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Functional analysis of the MAPK pathways in fungi

Cited by 110 publications

References 94 publications

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Removal by Novel Extremotolerant Exophiala and Rhodotorula Spp. from an Oil Polluted Site in Mexico

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Removal by Novel Extremotolerant Exophiala and Rhodotorula Spp. from an Oil Polluted Site in Mexico

Chitin and chitosan remodeling defines vegetative development and Trichoderma biocontrol

Fission yeast cell wall biosynthesis and cell integrity signalling

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