Functional Analysis of Natural Polyphenols and Saponins as Alternative Medicines

Sakagami, Hiroshi; Kushida, Tatsuya; Makino, Toru; Hatano, Tsutomu; Shirataki, Yoshiaki; Matsuta, Tomohiko; Matsuo, Yukiko; Mimaki, Yoshihiro

doi:10.5772/30449

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…15 Y. Mimaki summarized the structure and biological activities of plant glycosides, including cholestane glycosides from O. saundersiae, O. thyrsoides, and Galtonia candicans, and their cytotoxic and antitumor activities with 24 references in 2006. 16 He and his colleagues also gave an analysis and prospects for research on OSW-1 in ref 17. This review focuses on the structure, bioactivity, and chemical synthesis of steroidal glycosides from the genus Ornithogalum between 1959 and 2011 and provides a comprehensive overview that could serve as a reference for interested researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure, Bioactivity, and Chemical Synthesis of OSW-1 and Other Steroidal Glycosides in the Genus Ornithogalum

Tang

Duan

et al. 2013

Chem. Rev.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure, Bioactivity, and Chemical Synthesis of OSW-1 and Other Steroidal Glycosides in the Genus Ornithogalum

Tang

Duan

et al. 2013

Chem. Rev.

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“…Because the alkali-extracted fraction from L. edodes mycelia was found to contain lignin structure (51), lignin was believed to be required for the activity. These authors claimed that their lignin-carbohydrate complexes were not related to LPS because they did not act via the TLR4 signaling pathway (52). The following results strongly suggested that their "lignin-carbohydrate complexes" are totally different from LREL, because (i) the activity of LREL was found to be mediated via TLR4 signaling pathway, and (ii) the activity of LREL was completely diminished by mild alkaline treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Lignin-rich Enzyme Lignin (LREL), a Cellulase-treated Lignin-Carbohydrate Derived from Plants, Activates Myeloid Dendritic Cells via Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4)

Tsuji

Koizumi

Aoki

et al. 2015

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background: Although lignins are the second major biomass, their biological activities are little known. Results: Certain barley husk-derived lignin-carbohydrate fractions strongly activated dendritic cells via the receptor protein TLR4. Conclusion: Composition of the lignin-carbohydrate, especially the characteristic distribution of neutral sugars, is essential for the immunostimulatory activity. Significance: Immunostimulatory lignin-carbohydrates could be potentially used as anti-infectious agents and as vaccine adjuvants.

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“…The targets of quinones are adhesin proteins located on the cell surface, polypeptides on the cell wall, and membrane-bound enzymes [65]. Then the mode of antibacterial action of saponins is focused on the decreasing permeability of bacterial membrane cells [66][67][68][69][70]. Several important function of those secondary metabolites found in the weed extracts makes bacteria unable to form resistance properties easily.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical and Pharmacological Study on Selected Indonesian Weeds Extracts: A Novel Insight to Anti-Shigellosis

Kusuma

Zuhrotun²,

NOARI³

2022

Int J App Pharm

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Objective: Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum S.), weed grass (Imperata cylindrica L.), pearl grass (Hedyotis corymbosa L.) and nut grass (Cyperus rotundus L.) are selected weeds found in Indonesia which have been used as ruminants feeding with a complete diet component and evidently reported that bioactive contents of weeds provide more protection to microbial attack than that of crops. This has led to an increase interest in the investigation of weed extracts as anti-shigellosis agents for humans and animals, but there is still no data regarding on phytochemical and pharmacological of our selected weeds as an anti-shigellosis. Therefore, the objectives of this study was to analyze phytochemical and anti-shigellosis properties of those selected weeds towards sensitive (S) and resistant S. dysentriae (R) strains of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazoles. Methods: Phytochemical screening was done using the standard method and further analyzed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The anti-shigellosis activity was evaluated using the agar diffusion method; meanwhile, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) value was determined using the microdilution method. Results: In general, weeds contain flavonoids, steroid, and quinone compounds. The resulted anti-shigellosis showed that all weed extracts produced higher inhibition to sensitive than resistant strains. The MIC-MBC values of each weed on sensitive and resistant, respectively, were as follow: P. purpureum S (S=≥1.25%; R=≥2.5% w/v); I. cylindrica (S=≥5.0%; R=≥ 2.5-10.0%w/v); H. corymbosa (S=≥2.5%; R=≥2.5-10%w/v); and C. rotundus (S=≥2.5-5.0%; R=≥5.0-10%w/v). From these data, all of these weeds have the potential to complement antibiotics that are no longer effective in the treatment of shigella infections. Conclusion: In summary, P. purpureum extract could be promoted as a novel supplement phytopharmaceutical for the treatment of bacillary dysentery.

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Functional Analysis of Natural Polyphenols and Saponins as Alternative Medicines

Cited by 9 publications

References 103 publications

Structure, Bioactivity, and Chemical Synthesis of OSW-1 and Other Steroidal Glycosides in the Genus Ornithogalum

Structure, Bioactivity, and Chemical Synthesis of OSW-1 and Other Steroidal Glycosides in the Genus Ornithogalum

Lignin-rich Enzyme Lignin (LREL), a Cellulase-treated Lignin-Carbohydrate Derived from Plants, Activates Myeloid Dendritic Cells via Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4)

Phytochemical and Pharmacological Study on Selected Indonesian Weeds Extracts: A Novel Insight to Anti-Shigellosis

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