Functional Analysis of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-3 (MAPK3) and Its Regulation of the Promoter Region in Zebrafish

Abstract

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) plays a pivotal role in intracellular actions in response to a variety of extracellular stimuli. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of MAPK3 tissue distribution in zebrafish showed significant differences in the fin and liver compared with muscle. A 1.2-kilobase (kb) pair and a 2.3-kb fragment of the 5'-flanking region displayed minimal promoter activity in the zebrafish liver (ZFL) and HeLa cell lines after treatment with insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II). Targeted knockdown of the MAPK3 gene by two antisense morpholino oligonucleotides revealed that although the zebrafish MAPK3 MO 1-targeted sequence was located at 5' untranslated region and the zebrafish MAPK3 MO 2-targeted sequence was located in the mature peptide region, similar results were shown in zebrafish for disruption of notochord development, with the whole body exhibiting distortion. From a comparative point of view, this study of the MAPK3 gene in zebrafish might not correlate well with previously published studies on mice. These molecular results suggest that MAPK3 plays an important role in whole-body development and is required for general embryonic development. Finally, MAPK3 may play important roles in fish cell growth.

Identification of differentially expressed genes and pathways for intramuscular fat deposition in pectoralis major tissues of fast-and slow-growing chickens

“…This is also consistent with studies showing that activation of MAPK activity resulted in the disruption of tight junctions, and that inhibition of MAPK activation prevented this process [47,48]. We suggest that processes related to cell junctions might interact with pathways related to lipid metabolism, mainly through MAPK activity, to influence the deposition of IMF.…”

High level of GHR nuclear translocation in skeletal muscle of a hyperplasic transgenic zebrafish

“…MEK/ERK signaling pathway activation occurs after the hormone binding to its receptor, leading to tyrosine phosphorylation mediated by serine/threonine kinases such as Shc, Raf, and MAPK (Chiou et al 2007). Among these factors, MAPK is crucial for regulation of cell functions in response to mitotic stimuli (Seger & Krebs 1995, Robinson & Cobb 1997.…”

Transcriptome Analysis of Maternal Gene Transcripts in Unfertilized Eggs of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and Identification of Immune-Related Maternal Genes

“…MAPKs generally are known as a protein kinase group and are involved in directing a diverse array of cellular functions including proliferation, gene expression, differentiation, mitosis, and apoptosis. A knock-down experiment in zebrafish showed MAPK3 and MAPK14 mRNA expression was required at an early embryonic stage (from the 2,4 cell stage to 50% epiboly) in the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) [65,66]. Zygotic expression of MAPK3 and MAPK14 were upregulated by the immune challenge in several fish species [65,67].…”

“…A knock-down experiment in zebrafish showed MAPK3 and MAPK14 mRNA expression was required at an early embryonic stage (from the 2,4 cell stage to 50% epiboly) in the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) [65,66]. Zygotic expression of MAPK3 and MAPK14 were upregulated by the immune challenge in several fish species [65,67]. Expression of maternal MAPK14 in M. anguillicaudatus declined around the gastrulation stage.…”