Functional analysis of four <i>Gloverin</i>‐like genes in the silkworm, <i>Bombyx mori</i>

Kawaoka, Shinpei; Katsuma, Susumu; Daimon, Takaaki; Isono, Ryoko; Omuro, Naoko; Mita, Kazuei; Shimada, Toru

doi:10.1002/arch.20223

Cited by 61 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This may be because of a difference in genome information between Bombyx and Heliconius. In general, gloverins have been reported to be antibacterial proteins in lepidopteran insects because of their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Gram-positive bacteria, fungi and viruses (Kawaoka et al, 2008;Yi et al, 2013). Therefore, the possibility the gloverin 2 precursor is candidates for Bm and Ws genes will be a low.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping and recombination analysis of two moth colour mutations, Black moth and Wild wing spot, in the silkworm Bombyx mori

et al. 2015

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Many lepidopteran insects exhibit body colour variations, where the high phenotypic diversity observed in the wings and bodies of adults provides opportunities for studying adaptive morphological evolution. In the silkworm Bombyx mori, two genes responsible for moth colour mutation, Bm and Ws, have been mapped to 0.0 and 14.7 cM of the B. mori genetic linkage group 17; however, these genes have not been identified at the molecular level. We performed positional cloning of both genes to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that underlie the moth wing-and body-colour patterns in B. mori. We successfully narrowed down Bm and Ws to~2-Mb-long and 100-kb-long regions on the same scaffold Bm_scaf33. Gene prediction analysis of this region identified 77 candidate genes in the Bm region, whereas there were no candidate genes in the Ws region. Fluorescence in-situ hybridisation analysis in Bm mutant detected chromosome inversion, which explains why there are no recombination in the corresponding region. The comparative genomic analysis demonstrated that the candidate regions of both genes shared synteny with a region associated with wing-and body-colour variations in other lepidopteran species including Biston betularia and Heliconius butterflies. These results suggest that the genes responsible for wing and body colour in B. mori may be associated with similar genes in other Lepidoptera.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping and recombination analysis of two moth colour mutations, Black moth and Wild wing spot, in the silkworm Bombyx mori

et al. 2015

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“…The silkworm is also a good model organism because the whole-genome sequence has been completed (39,55). In addition, silkworms have immunity factors and defenserelated genes, including Toll-related genes (12,23) and genes encoding antibacterial proteins such as the gloverin-like genes (31). The markedly reduced virulence of the C. albicans ptc1⌬ strain in the silkworm and mouse models of infection appeared to be due to defects in multiple regulatory functions, since the mutant strain possessed defective hyphal formation ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the Putative Protein Phosphatase GenePTC1as a Virulence-Related Gene Using a Silkworm Model ofCandida albicansInfection

et al. 2008

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Protein phosphatases are critical for the regulation of many cellular processes. Null mutants of 21 putative protein phosphatases of Candida albicans were constructed by consecutive allele replacement using the URA3 and ARG4 marker genes. A simple silkworm model of C. albicans infection was used to screen the panel of mutants. Four null mutant (cmp1⌬, yvh1⌬, sit4⌬, and ptc1⌬) strains showed attenuated virulence in the silkworm model relative to that of control and parental strains. Three of the mutants, the cmp1⌬, yvh1⌬, and sit4⌬ mutants, had previously been identified as affecting virulence in a conventional mouse model, indicating the validity of the silkworm model screen. Disruption of the putative protein phosphatase gene PTC1 of C. albicans, which has 52% identity to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae type 2C protein phosphatase PTC1, significantly reduced virulence in the silkworm model. The mutant was also avirulent in a mouse model of disseminated candidiasis. Reintroducing either of the C. albicans PTC1 alleles into the disruptant strain, using a cassette containing either allele under the control of a constitutive ACT1 promoter, restored virulence in both infection models. Characterization of ptc1⌬ revealed other phenotypic traits, including reduced hyphal growth in vitro and in vivo, and reduced extracellular proteolytic activity. We conclude that PTC1 may contribute to pathogenicity in C. albicans.The opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans, a member of the normal human microflora, can cause superficial or life-threatening systemic infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Virulence determinants of C. albicans include the yeast-to-hypha transition, adherence to host receptors, and the ability to produce a variety of secreted hydrolytic enzymes, such as aspartic proteinases, phospholipases, and lipases. In addition, genes encoding metabolism and stress response proteins of this pathogen are important for pathogenicity (9,16,22).It would be of interest to determine whether other, previously uncharacterized C. albicans genes have a role in virulence. However, screening of whole families of C. albicans genes for virulence-related properties using a mammalian model of infection, such as the mouse model, would pose issues both of ethics and of practical costs. A number of substitute, invertebrate models of microbial virulence more suitable for screening experiments have been developed, including the use of Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and Galleria mellonella (10, 18, 35, 41), silkworms (20), and locusts (32). The silkworm model of C. albicans infection has been used for the quantitative evaluation of antifungal agents, with results equivalent to those in a mouse model. In addition, the silkworm infection model has been used successfully to identify and evaluate uncharacterized genes required for the virulence of Staphylococcus aureus (28,29).The fungus must adapt to stresses encountered in vivo, such as various host defense mechanisms and/or microenvironmental changes in...

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“…Gloverin seems to be a lepidopteron-specific antibacterial peptide (Axen et al, 1997), with expression levels that are strongly induced in Bombyx larval fat body by Escherichia coli immune challenge (Chowdhury et al, 1995;Kawaoka et al, of other DNA viruses. Following SV40 or adenovirus type 5 infections, Hsc 70 was found to be the main virus-induced member of the Hsp70 family (Sainis et al, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Level of Host Gene Expression Associated with Nucleopolyhedrovirus Infection in Silkworm Races of Bombyx mori

Lekha¹,

Vijayagowri²,

Sasibhushan³

et al. 2014

International Journal of Industrial Entomology

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The variation in the level of immune response related gene expression in silkworm, Bombyx mori following infection with Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) was analyzed at different time intervals. The occlusion bodies of BmNPV orally inoculated to the two most divergent silkworm races viz., Sarupat (resistant to BmNPV infection) and CSR2 (susceptible to BmNPV infection) were subjected to oral BmNPV inoculation. The expression profile of gp41 gene of BmNPV in the Sarupat and CSR2 races revealed that the virus could invade the midguts of both susceptible and resistant races. However, its multiplication was significantly less in the midgut of resistant race, while, in the susceptible race, the viral multiplication reached maximum level within 12 h. These findings indicate that potential host genes are involved in the inhibition of viral multiplication within larval midgut.

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Functional analysis of four Gloverin‐like genes in the silkworm, Bombyx mori

Cited by 61 publications

References 27 publications

Mapping and recombination analysis of two moth colour mutations, Black moth and Wild wing spot, in the silkworm Bombyx mori

Mapping and recombination analysis of two moth colour mutations, Black moth and Wild wing spot, in the silkworm Bombyx mori

Identification of the Putative Protein Phosphatase GenePTC1as a Virulence-Related Gene Using a Silkworm Model ofCandida albicansInfection

Differential Level of Host Gene Expression Associated with Nucleopolyhedrovirus Infection in Silkworm Races of Bombyx mori

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