Functional analysis of a peptidoglycan recognition protein involved in the immune response in the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura

Abstract

Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (GRPs) are family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which can recognize the peptidoglycan and trigger the innate immune system against the microorganisms in insects. In this study, we identified a GRP‐LB from Spodoptera litura genome database and named SlGRP‐LB, which contained a complete open reading frame (ORF) of 639 bp, encoding a protein of 212 amino acids with a signal peptide and GRP domain. Phylogenetic tree analysis suggested that the SlGRP‐LB has a close relationship with Helicoverpa armigera GRP‐LB (HaGRP‐LB). Tissue expression analysis revealed that SlGRP‐LB had a high expression level in the fat body. The expression levels of SlGRP‐LB were significantly upregulated in the hemolymph, fat body, and midgut from 3 to 12 h after injection of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, while the expression levels were not downregulated at 24 h postinfection. Knockdown of SlGRP‐LB expression by RNA interference reduced the expression of antibacterial peptide‐related genes in the fat body and midgut, while their expression levels were upregulated in the hemolymph. In addition, the recombinant SlGRP‐LB was expressed by using E. coli expression system, and it exhibited binding activity to E. coli. Taken together, the data suggest that S. litura GRP‐LB might play a crucial role in regulating immune response in S. litura.

Insect-pathogen crosstalk and the cellular-molecular mechanisms of insect immunity: uncovering the underlying signaling pathways and immune regulatory function of non-coding RNAs

“…Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs), which play a key role in inflammation and antibacterial defense by recognizing bacterial peptidoglycan, are essential proteins associated with innate immunity (Figure 3) (152). They are polymorphonuclear leukocyte-expressed (PGRP1), liver-expressed (PGRP2) or secreted proteins (PGRP3 and PGRP4) (93).…”