Function of spiral grain in trees

Kübler, H.

doi:10.1007/bf00204333

Cited by 63 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The tapered or bulbous ends of the bacteria can facilitate the nucleation of kinks due to motors that generate and then transmit localized axial strains. Another example is the cell wall-mediated grain spiral decrease and reversal in drying trunks of conifers (figure 6b), initiating at the trunk base (Preston 1950;Kubler 1991). Since the thicker base supports the maximum stress, it probably serves as the origin for changes in cell wall microstructure which eventually express as grain spiral reduction and reversal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain-dependent twist–stretch elasticity in chiral filaments

Upmanyu

Wang

Liang

et al. 2007

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Coupling between axial and torsional degrees of freedom often modifies the conformation and expression of natural and synthetic filamentous aggregates. Recent studies on chiral singlewalled carbon nanotubes and B-DNA reveal a reversal in the sign of the twist-stretch coupling at large strains. The similarity in the response in these two distinct supramolecular assemblies and at high strains suggests a fundamental, chirality-dependent nonlinear elastic behaviour. Here we seek the link between the microscopic origin of the nonlinearities and the effective twist-stretch coupling using energy-based theoretical frameworks and model simulations. Our analysis reveals a sensitive interplay between the deformation energetics and the sign of the coupling, highlighting robust design principles that determine both the sign and extent of these couplings. These design principles have already been exploited by nature to dynamically engineer such couplings, and have broad implications in mechanically coupled actuation, propulsion and transport in biology and technology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain-dependent twist–stretch elasticity in chiral filaments

Upmanyu

Wang

Liang

et al. 2007

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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“…It has been suggested that spiral grain benefits trees mainly by altering the water and nutrient distributions within the tree (Kubler 1991) and increasing stability in areas with strong prevailing winds (Thunell 1951, Skatter andKucera 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of thinning on spiral grain in Norway spruce grown on highly productive sites in southern Sweden

Pape¹

1999

Silva Fenn.

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Pape, R. 1999. Influence of thinning on spiral grain in Norway spruce grown on highly productive sites in southern Sweden. Silva Fennica 33(1): 3-12.Grain spirality was investigated in eight stands of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) subjected to different thinning regimes. The dominating general pattern of spiral grain found in this study was typical for conifers, with a maximum of left-handed spirality close to the pith, which decreased towards the bark and sometimes changed to right-handed spiral grain in the outer growth rings. However, there was a large amount of between-tree variation in spiral grain. The effect of thinning on grain spirality was investigated by relating annual ring width to spiral grain, since thinning affects growth rate. A positive correlation between ring width and grain angle was found, but a considerable number of trees showed no or a negative correlation. A statistically significant effect of ring width was only found in five of the eight stands. Heavy thinnings, removing 60 % of the basal area of a stand, considerably increased spiral grain, whereas the effects of light thinnings were inconsistent. These results support the findings of earlier studies indicating that spiral grain formation is under considerable genetic control, while its expression can be changed by silvicultural methods which affect growth rate.

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“…Le ft.l tors constitue sans doute pour l'arbre une adaptation avantageuse permettant une distribution plus equilibree de la seve et susceptible de renforcer la resistance au vent (Kubler, 1991). Ainsi, les divisions anticlines assurent-elles non seulement le renouvellement des cellules cambiales, mais aussi leur reorientation en fonction des besoins de l'arbre.…”

Section: Le Fonctionncment Meristematiqueunclassified

Le cambium, structure, fonctionnement et contrôle de l'activité saisonnière

Catesson

Lachaud

1993

Acta Botanica Gallica

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Function of spiral grain in trees

Cited by 63 publications

References 41 publications

Strain-dependent twist–stretch elasticity in chiral filaments

Strain-dependent twist–stretch elasticity in chiral filaments

Influence of thinning on spiral grain in Norway spruce grown on highly productive sites in southern Sweden

Le cambium, structure, fonctionnement et contrôle de l'activité saisonnière

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