Function of Plasmodesmata in the Interaction of Plants with Microbes and Viruses

Huang, Caiping; Heinlein, Manfred

doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-2132-5_2

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 230 publications

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“…Poly (I:C) used in this study mimics these potential pathways by apparently being able to enter plant cells upon treatment ( Figure 9 ), which is consistent with dsRNA perception in the cytoplasm, or be sensed in the apoplasm, either upon secretion or before cell entry ( Figure 10A and B ). Plant viruses like TMV and ORMV undergo early replication stages at punctate, cortical microtubule-associated ER sites in close vicinity of the PM (potentially ER:PM contact sites (Pitzalis and Heinlein, 2017; Huang and Heinlein, 2022)), which may facilitate dsRNA perception through membrane fusion events or dsRNA secretion from the VRCs and activation of PM-localized signaling proteins in the apoplasm (Niehl and Heinlein, 2019). DRB2 and other double-stranded RNA binding proteins (DRBs) were recently shown to accumulate in VRCs and to play a role in virus accumulation (Incarbone et al, 2021) or virus-induced necrosis (Fatyol et al, 2020) and could have an important function in dsRNA sensing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

dsRNA-induced immunity targets plasmodesmata and is suppressed by viral movement proteins

Huang¹,

Sede²,

Elvira-González³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Emerging evidence indicates that in addition to the well-recognized antiviral RNA silencing, dsRNA elicits responses of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), likely contributing plant resistance against virus infections. However, compared to bacterial and fungal elicitor-mediated PTI, the mode-of-action and signaling pathway of dsRNA-induced defense remain poorly characterized. Here, using multi-color in vivo imaging by GFP mobility, staining of callose and plasmodesmal marker lines, we show that dsRNA-induced PTI restricts the progression of virus infection by triggering callose deposition at plasmodesmata, thereby likely limiting the macromolecular transport through these cell-to-cell communication channels. The plasma membrane-resident kinase module of SERK1 and BIK1/PBL1, plasmodesmata-localized proteins PDLP1/2/3 and calmodulin-like CML41, and Ca2+ signals are involved in the dsRNA-induced signaling leading to callose deposition at plasmodesmata and antiviral defense. In addition, unlike classical bacterial elicitor flagellin, dsRNA does not trigger detectable reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, further substantiating a partially shared immune signaling framework with distinct features triggered by different microbial patterns. Likely as a counteract strategy, viral movement proteins from different viruses suppress the dsRNA-induced host response leading to callose deposition to achieve infection. Thus, our data support the new model of how plant immune signaling constrains the virus movement by inducing callose deposition at plasmodesmata and how viruses counteract this layer of immunity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

dsRNA-induced immunity targets plasmodesmata and is suppressed by viral movement proteins

Huang¹,

Sede²,

Elvira-González³

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Plasmodesmata‐manipulation by, and in response to, diverse microbes have been recently reviewed by other authors (Figure 1 ) (Dorokhov et al, 2019 ; Ganusova & Burch‐Smith, 2019 ; Huang & Heinlein, 2022 ; J. Liu et al, 2021 ; Y. Wang et al, 2021 ). The best‐characterized mechanism is in response to viruses.…”

Section: The Role Of Plasmodesmata‐associated Callose In Plant Symbio...mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Plasmodesmata-manipulation by, and in response to, diverse microbes have been recently reviewed by other authors (Figure 1) (Dorokhov et al, 2019;Ganusova & Burch-Smith, 2019 These viruses encode a viral movement protein that interacts with plasmodesmata components (including BGs) and modify callose to facilitate their spreading (Huang & Heinlein, 2022). The activation of callose in response to virus infection is crucial as a mutation of 8 amino acid residues within the HELPER COMPONENT PROTEINASE enables a virulent mutant strain of the Potato virus Y to evade the pattern-triggered immunity response and the associated callose deposition (Chowdhury et al, 2020).…”

Section: The Role Of Plasmodesmata-associated Callose In Plant Symbio...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Callose metabolism and the regulation of cell walls and plasmodesmata during plant mutualistic and pathogenic interactions

German

Yeshvekar

Benitez‐Alfonso

2022

Plant Cell & Environment

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Cell walls are essential for plant growth and development, providing support and protection from external environments. Callose is a glucan that accumulates in specialized cell wall microdomains including around intercellular pores called plasmodesmata. Despite representing a small percentage of the cell wall (~0.3% in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana), callose accumulation regulates important biological processes such as phloem and pollen development, cell division, organ formation, responses to pathogenic invasion and to changes in nutrients and toxic metals in the soil. Callose accumulation modifies cell wall properties and restricts plasmodesmata aperture, affecting the transport of signaling proteins and RNA molecules that regulate plant developmental and environmental responses. Although the importance of callose, at and outside plasmodesmata cell walls, is widely recognized, the underlying mechanisms controlling changes in its synthesis and degradation are still unresolved. In this review, we explore the most recent literature addressing callose metabolism with a focus on the molecular factors affecting callose accumulation in response to mutualistic symbionts and pathogenic elicitors. We discuss commonalities in the signaling pathways, identify research gaps and highlight opportunities to target callose in the improvement of plant responses to beneficial versus pathogenic microbes.

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“…Since the molecules mentioned above have a significant impact on cell differentiation, it can be assumed that the regulation of their movement by changing the PD SEL (functional size exclusion limit) [ 74 , 75 ] may affect the regulation of cell differentiation. Changes in symplasmic communication by changing the number of PD and their capacity to translocate signals indicate a precise regulation of this process.…”

Section: Symplasmic Isolation As a Mechanism Controlling Somatic Embr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoplastic and Symplasmic Markers of Somatic Embryogenesis

Kurczyńska

Godel-Jędrychowska

2023

Plants

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Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a process that scientists have been trying to understand for many years because, on the one hand, it is a manifestation of the totipotency of plant cells, so it enables the study of the mechanisms regulating this process, and, on the other hand, it is an important method of plant propagation. Using SE in basic research and in practice is invaluable. This article describes the latest, but also historical, information on changes in the chemical composition of the cell wall during the transition of cells from the somatic to embryogenic state, and the importance of symplasmic communication during SE. Among wall chemical components, different pectic, AGP, extensin epitopes, and lipid transfer proteins have been discussed as potential apoplastic markers of explant cells during the acquisition of embryogenic competence. The role of symplasmic communication/isolation during SE has also been discussed, paying particular attention to the formation of symplasmic domains within and between cells that carry out different developmental processes. Information about the number and functionality of plasmodesmata (PD) and callose deposition as the main player in symplasmic isolation has also been presented.

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Function of Plasmodesmata in the Interaction of Plants with Microbes and Viruses

Cited by 13 publications

References 230 publications

dsRNA-induced immunity targets plasmodesmata and is suppressed by viral movement proteins

dsRNA-induced immunity targets plasmodesmata and is suppressed by viral movement proteins

Callose metabolism and the regulation of cell walls and plasmodesmata during plant mutualistic and pathogenic interactions

Apoplastic and Symplasmic Markers of Somatic Embryogenesis

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