Function of a Bacterial Activator Protein That Binds to Transcriptional Enhancers

Popham, David L.; Szeto, Daniel P.; Keener, John; Kustu, Sydney

doi:10.1126/science.2563595

Cited by 433 publications

(356 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…The level of pspE mRNA is not appreciably affected by induction because there is a separate, presumably 70 -dependent, promoter which drives transcription of an RNA encoding only pspE. Upon heat induction, expression from this promoter is decreased, while transcription of the 2 kb polycistronic RNA is increased; these two effects counteract one another leaving the level of pspE RNA more or less unchanged Transcription from almost all 54 promoters requires the participation of an activator (Collado-Vides et al, 1991;Kustu et al, 1989;Morett and Segovia, 1993;Popham et al, 1989), and this is also true for the pspA-E operon.…”

Section: Description Of the Psp Clustermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Escherichia coli phage‐shock‐protein (psp) operon

Model

Jovanović

Dworkin

1997

Molecular Microbiology

187

130

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SummaryThe phage-shock-protein (psp) operon helps to ensure survival of Escherichia coli in late stationary phase at alkaline pH, and protects the cell against dissipation of its proton-motive force against challenge. It is strongly induced by filamentous phage pIV and its bacterial homologues, and by mutant porins that don't localize properly, as well as by a number of other stresses. Transcription of the operon is dependent on 54 and a constitutively active, autogenously controlled activator. psp-operon expression is controlled by one negatively and several positively acting regulators, none of which is a DNA-binding protein.The major product of the operon, PspA, may also serve as a negative regulator of an unusual porin, OmpG.

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Section: Description Of the Psp Clustermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Escherichia coli phage‐shock‐protein (psp) operon

Model

Jovanović

Dworkin

1997

Molecular Microbiology

187

130

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“…At the same time, bacterial transcriptional enhancers can work efficiently over a large distance (up to at least 3.5 kb) both in vivo and in vitro [17][18][19]. Moreover, proand eukaryotic transcriptional enhancers share many key properties [1], and our preliminary data suggest that bacterial enhancers can also work efficiently over a large distance in chromatin environment in vitro.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…2.6.1 Single-round assay for enhancer-dependent in vitro transcription-Singleand multiple round transcription assays are useful for analysis of different aspects of enhancer action over a distance [18,19,25,37]. The single-round transcription assay is particularly useful for the analysis of kinetic aspects of enhancer action.…”

Section: In Vitro Transcriptional Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sidney Kustu [22] and Boris Magasanik [23]. Activity of the glnAp2 promoter is entirely dependent on the NtrC activator-dependent, σ 54 -dependent transcriptional enhancer [19,24,25], which participates in regulation of genes involved in nitrogen metabolism [26]. The enhancer is activated by the NtrC protein, which is phosphorylated by the NtrB protein kinase [27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The enhancer is activated by the NtrC protein, which is phosphorylated by the NtrB protein kinase [27,28]. When phosphorylated, enhancer-bound NtrC forms homooligomers, interacts with the Eσ 54 holoenzyme and stimulates conversion of the closed (RP closed ) to the open (RP open ) initiation complex [19,24,[29][30][31][32]. During this enhancer-promoter interaction, intervening DNA is transiently looped out [33,34], placing enhancer and promoter in close proximity to each other [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Biochemical analysis of enhancer–promoter communication in chromatin

Polikanov

Rubtsov

Studitsky

2007

Methods

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Regulation of many biological processes often occurs by DNA sequences positioned over a large distance from the site of action. Such sequences, capable of activating transcription over a distance, are termed enhancers. Several experimental approaches for analysis of the mechanisms of communication over a distance between DNA regions positioned on the same molecule and, in particular, for analysis of enhancer-promoter communication were developed recently. Most of these methods are technically complicated and not applicable for studies of various important aspects of distant interactions in chromatin. As an alternative, we propose a more efficient and versatile method for the study of enhancer-promoter communication in chromatin using a prokaryotic model enhancerpromoter system that recapitulates most of the key aspects of eukaryotic transcriptional enhancer action (including action over a large distance) both in vivo and in vitro. Below we describe the application of this highly efficient experimental system to analyze the structural and dynamic properties of chromatin that allow communication between DNA regulatory regions over a distance.

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From specific gene regulation to genomic networks: a global analysis of transcriptional regulation in Escherichia coli

et al. 1998

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Because a large number of molecular mechanisms involved in gene regulation have been described during the last decades, it is now becoming possible to address questions about the global structure of gene regulatory networks, at least in the case of some of the best-characterized organisms.This paper presents a global characterization of the transcriptional regulation in Escherichia coli on the basis of the current data. The connectivity of the corresponding network was evaluated by analyzing the distribution of the number of genes regulated by a given regulatory protein, and the distribution of the number of regulatory genes regulating a given regulated gene. The mean connectivity found (between 2 and 3) shows a rather loosely interconnected structure. Special emphasis is given to circular sequences of interactions (''circuits'') because of their critical dynamical properties. Only one-element circuits were found, in which negative autoregulation is the dominant architecture. These global properties are discussed in light of several pertinent theoretical approaches, as well as in terms of physiological and evolutionary considerations.

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Function of a Bacterial Activator Protein That Binds to Transcriptional Enhancers

Cited by 433 publications

References 56 publications

The Escherichia coli phage‐shock‐protein (psp) operon

The Escherichia coli phage‐shock‐protein (psp) operon

Biochemical analysis of enhancer–promoter communication in chromatin

From specific gene regulation to genomic networks: a global analysis of transcriptional regulation in Escherichia coli

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