Function and transcript analysis of gibberellin-biosynthetic enzymes in wheat

Appleford, N. E. J.; Evans, Daniel J.; Lenton, John R.; Gaskin, Paul; Croker, Steve; Devos, Katrien M.; Phillips, Andrew L.; Hedden, Peter

doi:10.1007/s00425-005-0104-0

Cited by 103 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Searching of the maize draft genome (A Golden Path version 2.0) by using rice GA3oxs identified two homologs, named ZmGA3ox1 and ZmGA3ox2. In alignment with related GA3ox proteins from rice OsGA3ox1, OsGA3ox2 (Itoh et al, 2001), pea (Pisum sativum) PsGA3ox1 (Lester et al, 1997;Martin et al, 1997), Arabidopsis AtGA3ox1 (Chiang et al, 1995), barley (Hordeum vulgare) HvGA3ox2 (Spielmeyer et al, 2004), wheat TaGA3ox2 (Appleford et al, 2006), and Brachypodium distachyon BdGA3ox2 are roughly the same size with conserved residues throughout the entire protein sequences (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Molecular Characterization Of the D1 Allelesmentioning

confidence: 96%

The MaizeDWARF1Encodes a Gibberellin 3-Oxidase and Is Dual Localized to the Nucleus and Cytosol

et al. 2014

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The maize (Zea mays) gibberellin (GA)-deficient mutant dwarf1 (d1) displays dwarfism and andromonoecy (i.e. forming anthers in the female flower). Previous characterization indicated that the d1 mutation blocked three steps in GA biosynthesis; however, the locus has not been isolated and characterized. Here, we report that D1 encodes a GA 3-oxidase catalyzing the final step of bioactive GA synthesis. Recombinant D1 is capable of converting GA 20 to GA 1 , GA 20 to GA 3 , GA 5 to GA 3 , and GA 9 to GA 4 in vitro. These reactions are widely believed to take place in the cytosol. However, both in vivo GFP fusion analysis and westernblot analysis of organelle fractions using a D1-specific antibody revealed that the D1 protein is dual localized in the nucleus and cytosol. Furthermore, the upstream gibberellin 20-oxidase1 (ZmGA20ox1) protein was found dual localized in the nucleus and cytosol as well. These results indicate that bioactive GA can be synthesized in the cytosol and the nucleus, two compartments where GA receptor Gibberellin-insensitive dwarf protein1 exists. Furthermore, the D1 protein was found to be specifically expressed in the stamen primordia in the female floret, suggesting that the suppression of stamen development is mediated by locally synthesized GAs.

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Section: Molecular Characterization Of the D1 Allelesmentioning

confidence: 96%

The MaizeDWARF1Encodes a Gibberellin 3-Oxidase and Is Dual Localized to the Nucleus and Cytosol

et al. 2014

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“…In Fv SOC1-OX plants in the SD strawberry background, several strawberry homologs of GA20ox and GA3ox genes were activated and an opposite trend was found in Fv SOC1-RNAi plants. Since GA-20 oxidation is a rate-limiting step in GA biosynthesis (Appleford et al, 2006;Middleton et al, 2012), twofold to severalfold changes in the expression levels of Fv GA20ox genes in our transgenic lines is likely to affect GA levels and, consequently, growth. In Arabidopsis, SOC1 is known to mediate the effect of GA on flowering (Moon et al, 2003;Searle et al, 2006), but its role in the regulation of GA biosynthesis is not clear.…”

Section: Fv Soc1 Regulates Vegetative Development By Activating Ga Bimentioning

confidence: 99%

TheFragaria vescaHomolog of SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 Represses Flowering and Promotes Vegetative Growth

et al. 2013

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In the annual long-day plant Arabidopsis thaliana, SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1) integrates endogenous and environmental signals to promote flowering. We analyzed the function and regulation of the SOC1 homolog (Fragaria vesca [Fv] SOC1) in the perennial short-day plant woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca). We found that Fv SOC1 overexpression represses flower initiation under inductive short days, whereas its silencing causes continuous flowering in both short days and noninductive long days, similar to mutants in the floral repressor Fv TERMINAL FLOWER1 (Fv TFL1). Molecular analysis of these transgenic lines revealed that Fv SOC1 activates Fv TFL1 in the shoot apex, leading to the repression of flowering in strawberry. In parallel, Fv SOC1 regulates the differentiation of axillary buds to runners or axillary leaf rosettes, probably through the activation of gibberellin biosynthetic genes. We also demonstrated that Fv SOC1 is regulated by photoperiod and Fv FLOWERING LOCUS T1, suggesting that it plays a central role in the photoperiodic control of both generative and vegetative growth in strawberry. In conclusion, we propose that Fv SOC1 is a signaling hub that regulates yearly cycles of vegetative and generative development through separate genetic pathways.

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“…In wheat the three homoeologues of the GA20-oxidase gene TaGA20-ox1 (involved in gibberellin biosynthesis, controlling PHST/seed dormancy) have also been mapped to chromosomes 5BL, 5DL and 4AL (Appleford et al, 2006). GA20-oxidase gene (encoding gibberellin 20 oxidase), mapped on the long arm (located in bin 4AL5-0.66-0.80) of barley chromosome 5H (Li et al, 2004) has been considered to be a candidate gene for dormancy and/or pre-harvest sprouting tolerance (PHST).…”

Section: G E N E T I C S P R O V I S I O N a L P U B L I S H I N Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-analysis of QTLs Involved in Pre-harvest Sprouting Tolerance and Dormancy in Bread Wheat

Tyagi¹,

Gupta²

2012

tgg

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In common wheat, meta-analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with pre-harvest sprouting tolerance (PHST) and dormancy was carried out using results of 15 studies involving 15 different mapping populations. The study was restricted to only four chromosomes including three chromosomes of homoeologous group 3 (3A, 3B and 3D) and the chromosome 4A, since QTLs for PHST and dormancy on these four chromosomes were reported in several earlier studies, thus making these chromosomes suitable for meta-QTL analysis. The software BioMercator 2.1 was used to build a consensus map, and QTLs were projected on to this map for conducting meta-analysis. Using 36 of the 50 original QTLs, 8 meta-QTLs (MQTLs) were identified: 7 MQTLs were located on chromosomes of homoeologous group 3 including 3A (2 MQTL), 3B (3 MQTL) and 3D (2 MQTL), 1 MQTL was located on chromosome 4A. Confidence intervals (C.I.) for each of these 8 MQTLs were particularly narrow. The mapping information for 50 QTLs was also used for "overview" analysis to visualize important genomic regions carrying the MQTLs for PHST and dormancy. Co-localizations between candidate genes for dormancy/PHST (taVP1 and TaGA20-ox1) and MQTL positions appeared globally significant, although these candidate genes deserve further investigation. Markers associated with 8 MQTLs identified during the present study should prove helpful for introgression of tolerance against pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) into high yielding wheat varieties through marker-assisted selection (MAS).

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Function and transcript analysis of gibberellin-biosynthetic enzymes in wheat

Cited by 103 publications

References 50 publications

The MaizeDWARF1Encodes a Gibberellin 3-Oxidase and Is Dual Localized to the Nucleus and Cytosol

The MaizeDWARF1Encodes a Gibberellin 3-Oxidase and Is Dual Localized to the Nucleus and Cytosol

TheFragaria vescaHomolog of SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 Represses Flowering and Promotes Vegetative Growth

Meta-analysis of QTLs Involved in Pre-harvest Sprouting Tolerance and Dormancy in Bread Wheat

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