Funcionamiento y discapacidad: la Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento (CIF)

Abstract

The World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) has provided a new foundation for our understanding of health, functioning, and disability. It covers most of the health and health-related domains that make up the human experience, and the most environmental factors that influence that experience of functioning and disability. With the exhaustive ICF, patients' functioning -including its components body functions and structures and activities and participation-, becomes a central perspective in medicine. To implement the ICF in medicine and other fields, practical tools (= ICF Core Sets) have been developed. They are selected sets of categories out of the whole classification which serve as minimal standards for the assessment and reporting of functioning and health for clinical studies and clinical encounters (Brief ICF Core Set) or as standards for multiprofessional comprehensive assessment (Comprehensive ICF Core Set). Different from generic and condition-specific health-status measures, the ICF Core Sets include important body functions and structures and contextual factors. The use of the ICF Core Sets provides an important step towards improved communications between healthcare providers and professionals, and will enable patients and their families to understand and communicate with health professionals about their functioning and treatment goals. Specific applications include multi- and interdisciplinary assessment in clinical settings and in legal expert evaluations and use in disease or functioning-management programs. The ICF has also a potential as a conceptual framework to clarify an interrelated universe of health-related concepts which can be elucidated based on the ICF and therefore will be an ideal tool for teaching students in all medical fields and may open doors to multi-professional learning.

Practical considerations for integral approach of people with intellectual disabilities

“…It can be stated that disability is a generic term that encompasses deficiencies, limitations in activity, and restrictions on participation. Furthermore, it expresses the negative aspects of the interaction between an individual with health problems and their physical and social environment 4 . In Mexico, according to the NOM-015-SSA3-2012 for comprehensive care for people with disabilities, it is defined as hearing, intellectual, neuromotor, or visual impairment, whether permanent or temporary, which limits the ability to perform one or more daily life activities (Fig.…”

Análisis Comparativo de la Participación Escolar y Bienestar Subjetivo en Estudiantes con y sin Discapacidad en Chile

“…Adicionalmente, contempla factores contextuales, que se dividen en ambientales y personales. Es, pues, un modelo que aborda dimensiones corporales, individuales y sociales de las personas y que se encuentran interrelacionadas entre sí (Fernández-López, Fernández-Fidalgo, Geoffrey, Stucki & Cieza, 2009). Este constituye una evolución desde un modelo médicorehabilitador (que asimila la deficiencia a la enfermedad) a un modelo biopsicosocial (que incluye uno de los presupuestos centrales del modelo social de la discapacidad como es la importancia que tienen los factores sociales a la hora de definir el origen de la discapacidad (Palacios, 2008).…”

Mindfulness en discapacidad intelectual. Un estudio.

“…Esto está estrechamente relacionado con la función del terapeuta ocupacional de enseñar al individuo a vivir su vida con los cambios que hayan sufrido. Asimismo, los beneficios del Mindfulness son amplios y varían "desde la reducción de síntomas, al desarrollo de habilidades aplicables con el objetivo de lograr una mejora significativa de la calidad de vida" (Delgado, 2009). …”