Fumaric Acid Biosynthesis and Accumulation

Goldberg, Israel; Rokem, J. Stefan

doi:10.1002/9781118845394.ch15

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…This acid accumulates under oxidative conditions. The concentration of citric acid was increased in cotton plants under water stress and alfalfa under salt stress [ 66 ]. In the more specific case of a halophyte, Puccinellia tenuiflora also accumulated citric acid under adverse alkalinity conditions [ 66 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic Profile of Salicornia perennis Plant’s Organs under Diverse In Situ Stress: The Ria de Aveiro Salt Marshes Case

et al. 2023

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Salicornia perennis is a halophyte belonging to the botanical subfamily Salicornioideae that forms extensive perennial salt marsh patches. This subfamily has excellent potential, still unexplored, as a source of food, medicine, and phytoremediation. This study aimed to evaluate the lipophilic composition of the Salicornia perennis different organs inhabiting salt marshes of Ria de Aveiro under different stress regimes. For this purpose, the lipophilic content was extracted with hexane and subsequent GC-MS analysis of the extracts for each plant organ, which was collected in three different salt marshes of the Ria de Aveiro. High sugar content was detected in the stems, whereas in fruiting articles, the higher content was in fatty acids. Shorter-chain organic acids were concentrated in the stems and vegetative articles; waxes were detected in greater quantity in photosynthetic organs. More or less stressful environments induce changes in the ratio and composition of molecules, such as acclimatization and oxidative stress reduction strategies; for example, fatty acid content was higher in plants subjected to a higher stress regime. These data contribute to understand the metabolic pathways of the species under study, suggesting new research approaches to its potential as food, medicine, and phytoremediator.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic Profile of Salicornia perennis Plant’s Organs under Diverse In Situ Stress: The Ria de Aveiro Salt Marshes Case

et al. 2023

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“…The acids with a higher prevalence in lignin oxidation are succinic (SA), malic (MAL), and maleic acids (MA), with small amounts of fumaric (FA) and tartaric (TA) acids. Most of these acids are currently used in food, pharmaceutical, and polymer industries, as well as chemical precursors for 1,4-butanediol, tetrahydrofuran, and γ-butyrolactone [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 ]. In the last 15 years, several authors have studied C 4 -DCA from lignin and lignin model compounds under catalytic and non-catalytic conditions, using different strong oxidants, i.e., O 2 , O 3 , H 2 O 2, and peracetic acid.…”

Section: Oxidative Depolymerization Of Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Added-Value Chemicals from Lignin Oxidation

2021

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Lignin is the second most abundant component, next to cellulose, in lignocellulosic biomass. Large amounts of this polymer are produced annually in the pulp and paper industries as a coproduct from the cooking process—most of it burned as fuel for energy. Strategies regarding lignin valorization have attracted significant attention over the recent decades due to lignin’s aromatic structure. Oxidative depolymerization allows converting lignin into added-value compounds, as phenolic monomers and/or dicarboxylic acids, which could be an excellent alternative to aromatic petrochemicals. However, the major challenge is to enhance the reactivity and selectivity of the lignin structure towards depolymerization and prevent condensation reactions. This review includes a comprehensive overview of the main contributions of lignin valorization through oxidative depolymerization to produce added-value compounds (vanillin and syringaldehyde) that have been developed over the recent decades in the LSRE group. An evaluation of the valuable products obtained from oxidation in an alkaline medium with oxygen of lignins and liquors from different sources and delignification processes is also provided. A review of C4 dicarboxylic acids obtained from lignin oxidation is also included, emphasizing catalytic conversion by O2 or H2O2 oxidation.

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“…Currently, methods for preparing fumaric acid mainly include chemical isomerization and biosynthesis. , Chemical synthesis methods for fumaric acid were investigated in the 1940s and laid the foundation for the industrial production of fumaric acid . With the continuous development of biotechnology and the rapid growth of fossil (petroleum) based chemical production costs, investigations on the preparation of fumaric acid by biosynthetic methods have become more popular.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Study on the Preparation of Fumaric Acid from Maleic Acid by Batch Noncatalytic Isomerization

2019

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In recent years, the increase in demand for fumaric acid from industry has resulted in an increased need for a high-selectivity process for the conversion of maleic acid to fumaric acid. A highly selective conversion of fumaric acid was achieved without a catalyst by a simple one-step hydrothermal reaction. In addition, the competitive conversion of maleic acid, fumaric acid, and malic acid was first systematically investigated in detail without using a catalyst. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared, which demonstrated that the product was fumaric acid. The highly selective conversion of fumaric acid was achieved, and the yield of fumaric acid could reach 92%. Furthermore, a reaction kinetic model was put forward to study the competitive transformation process. The kinetic model predictions were found to agree well with the experimental data. The kinetic parameters were used to explain the changes in the content of every substance at different reaction temperatures and reaction times. In addition, the initial maleic acid concentration in the reaction was also considered as an influencing factor. These results can facilitate the conditional control and product control of industrial processes for the production of fumaric acid or malic acid using latter without a catalyst.

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Fumaric Acid Biosynthesis and Accumulation

Cited by 6 publications

References 75 publications

Metabolomic Profile of Salicornia perennis Plant’s Organs under Diverse In Situ Stress: The Ria de Aveiro Salt Marshes Case

Metabolomic Profile of Salicornia perennis Plant’s Organs under Diverse In Situ Stress: The Ria de Aveiro Salt Marshes Case

Added-Value Chemicals from Lignin Oxidation

Kinetic Study on the Preparation of Fumaric Acid from Maleic Acid by Batch Noncatalytic Isomerization

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