Fumagillin Affects Nosema apis and Honey Bees (Hymonopterai Apidae)

Webster, Thomas C.

doi:10.1093/jee/87.3.601

Cited by 37 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…There seems to be no major decrease in activity as fumagillin is transformed into its various photoproducts. Webster (1994) reported equally good activity from fumagillin at 50, 25, and 10 mg/L in his tests. Our syrup after 6 hours' irradiation still contained 8 µg/mL actual fumagillin, so any decrease in activity in the photoproducts may not be apparent under our conditions.…”

Section: Activity Of Irradiated Fumagillinmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The experiment was carried out by the method of Webster (1994). Bees were collected from a single colony in a bee yard in Pemberton, NJ to ensure that all bees were related genetically.…”

Section: Activity Of Irradiated Fumagillin Against Nosema Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead, the more expeditious technique of Webster (1994) was used, with the exception that isolated guts were removed before homogenization rather than homogenizing the whole bees. Shimanuki and Knox (2000) indicate that cleaner preparations are obtained from isolated guts than from abdomens, which is hardly surprising.…”

Section: Activity Of Irradiated Fumagillinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laboratory studies on the photostability of fumagillin, the active ingredient of Fumidil B1

Kochansky

Nasr

2004

Apidologie

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-Fumagillin (as the dicyclohexylammonium salt) has been found to be extremely unstable when solutions in 50% ethanol are exposed to sunlight in small vials, undergoing a series of degradations with half-lives in the range of seconds to minutes. Similar results were obtained with photolyses of Fumidil B in either 50% ethanol or sugar syrup. Decomposition also occurred in fluorescent room light. Exposure of fumagillin to sunlight for three days caused almost complete disappearance of UV absorption of fumagillin and all its immediate photoproducts. The reactions involved in the photolyses are apparently reversible Z:E rearrangements in the unsaturated ester portion of the molecule, and do not involve the pharmacologically active moiety. Samples of fumagillin in syrup, irradiated for 0, 0.5, 5, 30, or 360 minutes were all effective in protecting caged bees from nosema disease. While long exposures to sunlight probably should be avoided, brief exposure causes no obvious loss of activity.fumagillin / stability / photolysis / nosema disease / Apis mellifera

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Section: Activity Of Irradiated Fumagillinmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The experiment was carried out by the method of Webster (1994). Bees were collected from a single colony in a bee yard in Pemberton, NJ to ensure that all bees were related genetically.…”

Section: Activity Of Irradiated Fumagillin Against Nosema Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Activity Of Irradiated Fumagillinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laboratory studies on the photostability of fumagillin, the active ingredient of Fumidil B1

Kochansky

Nasr

2004

Apidologie

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“…Greater cage replicates per treatment group may be required if group feeding of inoculum is used. Group inoculation of a spore suspension containing 10,000 and 33,300 spores per bee is sufficient to infect caged individuals (Webster, 1994;Pettis et al, 2012). …”

Section: Group Feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standard methods forNosemaresearch

Fries

Chauzat²,

Chen³

et al. 2013

Journal of Apicultural Research

322

302

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SummaryMethods are described for working with Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae in the field and in the laboratory. For fieldwork, different sampling methods are described to determine colony level infections at a given point in time, but also for following the temporal infection dynamics.Suggestions are made for how to standardise field trials for evaluating treatments and disease impact. The laboratory methods described include different means for determining colony level and individual bee infection levels and methods for species determination, including light microscopy, electron microscopy, and molecular methods (PCR). Suggestions are made for how to standardise cage trials, and different inoculation methods for infecting bees are described, including control methods for spore viability. A cell culture system for in vitro rearing of Nosema spp. is described. Finally, how to conduct different types of experiments are described, including infectious dose, dose effects, course of infection and longevity tests. Métodos estándar para la investigación sobre Nosema ResumenSe describen procedimientos para trabajar con Nosema apis y Nosema ceranae en el campo y en el laboratorio. Para el trabajo de campo, se describen diferentes métodos de muestreo para determinar infecciones al nivel de colonia en un momento determinado, y también para el seguimiento de la dinámica temporal de infección. Se hacen sugerencias para la forma de estandarizar los ensayos de campo para evaluar los tratamientos y el impacto de la enfermedad. Los métodos de laboratorio descritos incluyen diferentes formas de determinar los niveles de infección al nivel de colonia y de abeja individual, y los métodos para la determinación de las especies, incluyendo microscopía óptica, microscopía electrónica y métodos moleculares (PCR). Se hacen sugerencias para estandarizar los ensayos con cajas, y se describen diferentes métodos de inoculación para infectar abejas, incluyendo métodos de control para la viabilidad de las esporas. Se describe un sistema de cultivo celular para la cría in vitro de Nosema spp. Finalmente, se describe cómo llevar a cabo diferentes tipos de experimentos, incluyendo la dosis infecciosa, efectos de la dosis, curso de la infección y las pruebas de longevidad.

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“…It is known that N. apis affects the epithelial cells lining the midgut of the adult bees (Bailey, 1955) and shortens the life span of both queens and adult bees (Wang & Moeller, 1970;Webster, 1994). Recent studies (Huang, Solter, Aronstein, & Huang, 2015;Natsopoulou, Doublet, & Paxton, 2015) suggest that N. ceranae is not more virulent than N. apis, in disagreement with older studies which suggested that it was associating it with colony depopulation and collapse (Hatjina et al, 2010;Higes et al, 2008;Paxton, 2010;Paxton et al, 2007) as well as colony losses in general, in particular in southern European countries (Botías, Martín-Hernández, Barrios, Meana, & Higes, 2013;Dussaubat et al, 2013;Globlirsch, Huang, & Spivak, 2013;Hatjina et al, 2011;Higes, Martín-Hernandez, & Meana, 2010, 2006Higes et al, 2005Higes et al, , 2008Soroker et al, 2011;Villa, Bourgeois, & Danka, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long term effects of a food supplement HiveAlive™ on honey bee colony strength and Nosema ceranae spore counts

Charistos¹,

Parashos²,

Hatjina³

2015

Journal of Apicultural Research

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The long term effect of HiveAlive™, a commercial food supplement, was evaluated with respect to colony population size and Nosema ceranae spore loads. The supplement was administered in sugar syrup at a dose of 2.5 ml per liter of syrup to up to 20 colonies per group for a period of 2 years. Its use before and after winter increased a colony's worker population size by 89% and reduced Nosema ceranae spores by 57% compared to control colonies. These results represent the first-known hive manipulation to have a lasting effect on nosema spore levels. The positive effect of HiveAlive™ may have been a result of its continued use over a two-year period.Efectos a largo plazo del suplemento alimenticio HiveAlive TM sobre la fuerza de las colonias de abejas y el recuentos de esporas de Nosema ceranae El efecto a largo plazo de HiveAlive™, un suplemento alimenticio comercial, se evaluó con respecto al tamaño de la població n de la colonia y la carga de esporas de Nosema ceranae. El suplemento se administró en jarabe de azúcar a una dosis de 2,5 ml por litro de jarabe hasta 20 colonias por grupo en un período de dos años. Su uso antes y después del invierno aumentó el tamaño de la població n de obreras de una colonia hasta en un 89% y redujo las esporas de Nosema ceranae en un 57% en comparació n con las colonias de control. Estos resultados representan la primera manipulació n de las colmenas con un efecto duradero sobre los niveles de esporas de Nosema. El efecto positivo de HiveAlive™ puede haber sido resultado de su uso continuado durante un período de dos años.

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Fumagillin Affects Nosema apis and Honey Bees (Hymonopterai Apidae)

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Laboratory studies on the photostability of fumagillin, the active ingredient of Fumidil B1

Laboratory studies on the photostability of fumagillin, the active ingredient of Fumidil B1

Standard methods forNosemaresearch

Long term effects of a food supplement HiveAlive™ on honey bee colony strength and Nosema ceranae spore counts

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