Fulminant hepatitis complicated by small intestine infection and massive hemorrhage

Tamura, Hiroko; Yamashita, Satoyoshi; Kusano, Noriyoshi; Suzuki, Chieko; Yamaguchi, Yoshiyuki Y.; Tanigawa, Kouji; Masuhara, Masaaki; Okita, Kiwamu; Murakami, Fujio

doi:10.1007/s005350050105

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…There are also reports of this bacterium being involved in massive hemorrhagic processes in the small intestine and subclavian artery, which were accompanied by severe lesions in those tissues [14,15]. These observations suggest this bacterium has proteolytic activity that may damage the infected tissue [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Fatal hemorrhagic pneumonia caused by Stenotrophomanas maltophilia in a patient with non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Takahashi

Yoshioka

Kameoka

et al. 2011

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Fatal hemorrhagic pneumonia caused by Stenotrophomanas maltophilia in a patient with non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Takahashi

Yoshioka

Kameoka

et al. 2011

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy

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“…Until today, only two bacteria from Xanthomonadaceae have been isolated from gastrointestinal samples: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia from a stool and an ileal sample derived from atypical clinical cases ( Tamura et al , 1988 ; Apisarnthanarak et al , 2003 ), and Lysobacter soli in a recent high-throughput cultivation of the normal gastrointestinal microbiota ( Lagier et al , 2012a ). In addition, four other related bacterial species were detected based on the SSU rRNA gene sequence.…”

Section: Proteobacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota

2014

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The microorganisms that inhabit the human gastrointestinal tract comprise a complex ecosystem with functions that significantly contribute to our systemic metabolism and have an impact on health and disease. In line with its importance, the human gastrointestinal microbiota has been extensively studied. Despite the fact that a significant part of the intestinal microorganisms has not yet been cultured, presently over 1000 different microbial species that can reside in the human gastrointestinal tract have been identified. This review provides a systematic overview and detailed references of the total of 1057 intestinal species of Eukarya (92), Archaea (8) and Bacteria (957), based on the phylogenetic framework of their small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Moreover, it unifies knowledge about the prevalence, abundance, stability, physiology, genetics and the association with human health of these gastrointestinal microorganisms, which is currently scattered over a vast amount of literature published in the last 150 years. This detailed physiological and genetic information is expected to be instrumental in advancing our knowledge of the gastrointestinal microbiota. Moreover, it opens avenues for future comparative and functional metagenomic and other high-throughput approaches that need a systematic and physiological basis to have an impact.

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“…In patients not surviving infections with S. maltophilia, histological inspection of the lung tissue revealed massive bleeding caused by damage to the lung epithelium (4). There are further reports demonstrating involvement of this bacterium in massive hemorrhagic processes of the small intestine and the subclavian artery accompanied by severe lesions of the tissue (5,6). These observations strongly suggest the participation of proteolytic activity, produced by the bacteria, which may damage the infected tissue.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

The Major Extracellular Protease of the Nosocomial Pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Windhorst

Frank

Georgieva

et al. 2002

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is increasingly emerging as a multiresistant pathogen in the hospital environment. In immunosuppressed patients, these bacteria may cause severe infections associated with tissue lesions such as pulmonary hemorrhage. This suggests proteolysis as a possible pathogenic mechanism in these infections. This study describes a protease with broad specificity secreted by S. maltophilia. The gene, termed StmPr1, codes for a 63-kDa precursor that is processed to the mature protein of 47 kDa. The enzyme is an alkaline serine protease that, by sequence homology and enzymic properties, can be further classified as a new member of the family of subtilases. It differs from the classic subtilisins in molecular size, in substrate specificity, and probably in the architecture of the active site. The StmPr1 protease is able to degrade several human proteins from serum and connective tissue. Furthermore, pan-protease inhibitors such as ␣ 1 -antitrypsin and ␣ 2 -macroglobulin were unable to abolish the activity of the bacterial protease. The data support the interpretation that the extracellular protease of S. maltophilia functions as a pathogenic factor and thus could serve as a target for the development of therapeutic agents.Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, formerly referred to as Xanthomonas maltophilia or Pseudomonas maltophilia (1, 2), is an aerobic nonfermentative Gram-negative bacterium of widespread occurrence. For healthy humans, it is regarded as an opportunistic germ; it has been implicated in a variety of infections without distinctive clinical features (for a review, see Ref.3). However, in immune-compromised patients, particularly those with bone marrow aplasia or receiving intensive chemotherapy, cases of fulminant hemorrhagic pneumonia have been reported, even with fatal outcome (4 -6). In patients not surviving infections with S. maltophilia, histological inspection of the lung tissue revealed massive bleeding caused by damage to the lung epithelium (4). There are further reports demonstrating involvement of this bacterium in massive hemorrhagic processes of the small intestine and the subclavian artery accompanied by severe lesions of the tissue (5, 6). These observations strongly suggest the participation of proteolytic activity, produced by the bacteria, which may damage the infected tissue. Indeed, it is known that members of the Pseudomonaceae express and secrete a variety of proteases (cf. Ref. 7). Whereas the primary function of these enzymes is to provide a source of free amino acids for bacterial survival and growth, there is accumulating evidence that bacterial proteases may play a pathogenic role in the infected host by involvement in tissue invasion and destruction, evasion of host defenses, and modulation of the host immune system (8).The broad administration of antibiotics currently applied in cases of intensive care patients leads to selection of multiresistant S. maltophilia strains. Consequently, these bacteria are found with increasing frequency in the hospital environmen...

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Fulminant hepatitis complicated by small intestine infection and massive hemorrhage

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

Fatal hemorrhagic pneumonia caused by Stenotrophomanas maltophilia in a patient with non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Fatal hemorrhagic pneumonia caused by Stenotrophomanas maltophilia in a patient with non-Hodgkin lymphoma

The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota

The Major Extracellular Protease of the Nosocomial Pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

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