Fulminant hepatitis associated with hepatitis A virus superinfection in patients with chronic hepatitis C

Vento, Sandro

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2893.2000.00019.x

Cited by 126 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…An analysis of cases of acute hepatitis A in the United States from 1983 to 1988 also provides data that appear to support the findings from the Shanghai epidemic even more strongly: the fatality rate for acute hepatitis A in HBsAg carriers is 11.7%, which is about 58-fold higher than in patients who were not HBsAg carriers 24. Furthermore, a recent study reported by Vento and coworkers25 from Italy indicated that patients with chronic hepatitis C had a substantial risk of FHF and death associated with HAV superinfection. Taken together, these data strongly suggest the potential impact of underlying chronic liver disease on the outcome of acute viral hepatitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Fulminant hepatic failure in acute hepatitis C: increased risk in chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus

Chu

Yeh

Liaw

1999

Gut

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Background/Aims-The role of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in fulminant hepatitis remains controversial. This study was conducted to investigate the risk of fulminant hepatitis C in relation to HCV genotypes and concurrent infection of other viruses. Patients-109 HCV RNA positive patients from 334 consecutive cases hospitalised to a medical centre in northern Taiwan for overt acute viral hepatitis were prospectively evaluated. Methods-HCV RNA was detected by a combined reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction assay. HCV genotypes were analysed using a genotype specific probe based assay in the 5' untranslated region. 7 copies/ml in 25, and >10 7 copies/ml in seven. Eleven patients (10.1%) had fulminant hepatitis as a complication. Development of fulminant hepatitis did not correlate with age and gender of the patients, concurrent HGV infection, HCV genotypes, or serum titre of HCV RNA. However, the incidence (95% confidence interval) of fulminant hepatitis in patients with underlying chronic HBV infection was 23.1% (9.9 to 36.3%), which is significantly higher than in those without (2.9% (−1.0 to 6.8%)). In 39 patients with concurrent chronic HBV infection, the clinical and virological characteristics showed no significant difference between those with fulminant hepatitis and those without. Conclusions-Acute hepatitis C in patients with concurrent chronic HBV infection is associated with a substantial risk of fulminant hepatitis. (Gut 1999;45:613-617)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Fulminant hepatic failure in acute hepatitis C: increased risk in chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus

Chu

Yeh

Liaw

1999

Gut

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“…Co-infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV)77 or HBV78 in patients with HCV infection may carry a worse prognosis. Similarly, alcohol can worsen HCV associated liver disease.…”

Section: Hcv Associated Ckdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic viral hepatitis and chronic kidney disease

Chacko

Surrun

Sani

et al. 2010

Postgraduate Medical Journal

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a major public health problem worldwide over the past few decades because of the increasing prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and elderly individuals in most countries. Chronic viral hepatitis (due to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV)) also poses significant morbidity and mortality globally. Both these viruses can cause CKD and these infections can occur as a consequence of CKD management. CKD patients acquiring HBV or HCV infection have higher morbidity and mortality rates, and the management of these infections among CKD patients with antiviral agents is associated with high rates of adverse effects. The optimal management of CKD associated with HBV and HCV is not well defined because of insufficient data from clinical trials. This review discusses the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics and management issues related to chronic viral hepatitis and CKD.

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“…2 22 23 The circumstance in which HAV infection has a significant mortality is when it occurs in older patients (over 40 years) or those with chronic liver disease, such as that due to hepatitis C, B, or alcohol. [24][25][26] Diagnosis and management Acute hepatitis A cannot be distinguished clinically from that due to types B, C, D, or E although in most resource-poor countries HAV is the leading cause of acute icteric hepatitis in children. 2 3 Liver function abnormalities are similar for all (table 3) using EIA.…”

Section: Clinical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…33 The majority of those with chronic infection have no symptoms until cirrhosis and decompensated liver disease develop in up to half of them when they experience abdominal ascites, jaundice, bleeding oesophageal varices and ultimately confusion, cachexia, and death. Both fulminant hepatitis and more rapidly progressive cirrhosis occur when chronic hepatitis B is complicated by hepatitis A, C, or D. [62][63][64] About 10% of those with cirrhosis get liver cancer 65 which presents with an enlarging liver, weight loss, and rapid progression to death.…”

Section: Hepatitis Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexually acquired hepatitis

Brook

2002

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Objectives: To assess current knowledge of sexually transmitted viral hepatitis in relation to epidemiology, clinical presentation, management, and diagnosis with particular reference to resource-poor settings. Method: A search of published literature identified through Medline from 1966 to October 2001, the Cochrane Library, and reference lists taken from each article obtained. Textword and MeSH searches for hepatitis A, B, C, D, E, G, delta, GB virus, GBV-C, and TT virus were linked to searches under the textword terms sex$, prevent$, and MeSH subheadings, microbiology, complications, drug therapy, therapy, diagnosis, epidemiology, transmission, and prevention and control. Conclusions: In heterosexual relationships, hepatitis B is readily transmitted sexually and hepatitis C and D less so, with no evidence for sexual transmission of hepatitis A. Hepatitis types A-D are all transmissible sexually in male homosexual relationships under certain conditions. In resource-poor countries sexual transmission is generally only a significant route of transmission for hepatitis B.H epatitis B has been recognised as a sexually transmitted infection for over 25 years and more recent evidence supports sex as being one of the routes of transmission for hepatitis types A, C, and D. Although the viruses named hepatitis G, GB, and TT may also be sexually transmitted, current evidence suggests that these organisms do not cause disease and will not be discussed further. Similarly, hepatitis E will not be discussed further as there is no evidence for sexual transmission. The purpose of this article is to look at recent developments in our understanding of the sexually transmitted forms of viral hepatitis with reference to management in resource-poor settings. HEPATITIS A EpidemiologyThis infection is usually transmitted by the faeco-oral route, including contaminated food and water, as well as by close personal contact.

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Fulminant hepatitis associated with hepatitis A virus superinfection in patients with chronic hepatitis C

Cited by 126 publications

References 7 publications

Fulminant hepatic failure in acute hepatitis C: increased risk in chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus

Fulminant hepatic failure in acute hepatitis C: increased risk in chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus

Chronic viral hepatitis and chronic kidney disease

Sexually acquired hepatitis

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