Fulminant hepatitis A: Disappearing, but not soon enough

Koff, Raymond S.

doi:10.1002/hep.21411

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…15 Reasons for this discrepancy are likely related to routine immunizations in children for hepatitis B and, more recently, hepatitis A. 49,50 Hepatitis A virus is a common cause in areas where it is endemic or referral centers for endemic areas, 8,51 but not in developed countries in the absence of an outbreak. 52 While hepatitis B is a reported cause of ALF in infants, 53 it occurs more commonly in adults and risk factors include older age and genotype D. 54 Hepatitis C virus is a very rare primary cause of ALF.…”

Section: Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Liver Failure in Children

2008

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Acute liver failure (ALF) in children differs from that observed in adults in both the etiologic spectrum and the clinical picture. Children, particularly very young ones, do not demonstrate classical features of encephalopathy and the definition of ALF has been revised to include patients with advanced coagulopathy, regardless of mental status. A significant number of these children will go on to require transplant or die. Etiologies vary by age with metabolic and infectious diseases prominent in the first year of life and acetaminophen overdose and Wilson's disease occurring in adolescents. In almost 50% of cases, however, the child has an indeterminate cause for ALF. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach and is directed at establishing the etiology where possible and monitoring, anticipating, and managing the multisystem complications that occur in children with ALF. Overall, short-term outcomes are better in children than adults but are dependent upon the degree of encephalopathy and diagnosis.

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Section: Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Liver Failure in Children

2008

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“…Fatalities are rare but in individuals over 60 years of age approach 2% 2 . The incidence of acute liver failure because of HAV has decreased in recent years, reflecting the decline in disease incidence 4, 5 . HAV superimposed upon other liver diseases appears to increase the risk of acute liver failure, but few studies have assessed implementation of HAV vaccine in patients with chronic liver disease.…”

Section: Hepatitis Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Review article: vaccination and viral hepatitis – current status and future prospects

Koff

2007

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

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Summary Background Viral hepatitis is the most common cause of liver disease in the world. In the past 25 years, vaccines have become available for two of the five hepatitis viruses, and, where implemented, vaccination has become a key component of hepatitis prevention. Aims To provide an update on recent advances in the use of current hepatitis vaccines and to examine progress in the development of vaccines for the remaining hepatitis viruses. Methods A Medline search was undertaken to identify the recent relevant literature. Search terms included hepatitis vaccines, hepatitis vaccination and hepatitis A–E vaccines. Results Dramatic vaccine‐induced declines in the incidence of both hepatitis A and B have occurred in the USA. Strategies to integrate hepatitis A vaccine into universal childhood immunization are being adopted. Similarly, strategies with the goal of eliminating transmission of hepatitis B have been promulgated. A vaccine for hepatitis E has been reported to be effective and safe, but progress in the development of vaccines for hepatitis C and D has been limited. Conclusion During the next few decades, the goals of eliminating hepatitis A and B virus transmission may be reached in the USA and elsewhere.

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Viral Causes of Acute Liver Failure in Children

Squires

2019

Viral Hepatitis in Children

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Fulminant hepatitis A: Disappearing, but not soon enough

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Acute Liver Failure in Children

Acute Liver Failure in Children

Review article: vaccination and viral hepatitis – current status and future prospects

Viral Causes of Acute Liver Failure in Children

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