Fully vacuum‐free semitransparent polymer solar cells for power‐generating window with pure achromatic appealing

Abstract

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Thermally Induced Phase Separation of the PEDOT:PSS Layer for Highly Efficient Laminated Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes

“…The other important electrical property of the LTE for constructing an efficient PLED is the work function. This is because the final device efficiency is mainly determined by the hole-injection barrier at the interface between the electrode and the underlying light-emitting polymer. ,,,,,, The AI-4083-type PEDOT:PSS is one of the most widely used hole-injecting polymers for PLEDs with the normal geometry, where the light-emitting polymer layer is generally coated on top of the PEDOT:PSS film. ,,,− , Hence, the work functions of the hole-injection AI-4083 PEDOT:PSS layer coated on glass substrates and of the as-prepared LTEs delaminated from the glass substrates at various annealing temperatures are revealed by the scanning Kelvin probe results in Figure a . In addition, the average work function values are summarized in Table .…”

“…The energy-level diagrams of the ref-PLED and L-PLED devices are presented in Figure b. Thus, the bottom cathode consisting of the PEIE/ZnO film introduces effective electron injection into the light-emitting polymer because the work function is well-matched to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the polymer semiconductor. ,, In the ref-PLED, hole-injection from the evaporated anode is favorable because the work function is higher than the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of the polymer super yellow. , Thus, the current density vs. applied voltage ( J – V ) curve of the ref-PLED (gray curve, left-hand axis, Figure c) exhibits diode-like characteristics, with a J value of 100 mA/cm 2 at 8.0 V. Meanwhile, the luminance vs. applied voltage ( L – V ) curve (blue curve, right-hand axis, Figure c) indicates a turn-on voltage ( V on ) of 2.5 V and luminance values of 100, 1000, and 10,000 cd/m 2 at 4.1, 5.3, and 8.1 V, respectively. These results are consistent with the previously reported performance of an inverted PLED using polymer super yellow …”

“…In particular, the thermally induced phase separation inside a dried PEDOT:PSS film is used to alter the work function of the surface. As in previous works, the hybrid electrode was prepared by successive coating of a hole-injecting PEDOT:PSS layer, an AgNW layer, and a highly conductive PEDOT:PSS layer on a glass substrate. − In the present work, however, the effects of varying the annealing temperature ( T anneal ) during drying on the optical and electrical properties are investigated. The final free-standing transparent laminated electrode is prepared by delaminating the hybrid electrode from the glass substrate.…”

“…In previous works, the present authors developed a hybrid laminated top electrode consisting of successive PEDOT:PSS and silver-nanowire (AgNW) layers on a poly­(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) supporting film in order to realize a fully vacuum-free process. , In addition, a semitransparent polymer solar cell was fabricated via a hot-press lamination process under ambient atmosphere and was shown to provide a comparable energy-harvesting efficiency to that of its counterpart with an evaporated metal electrode. , Moreover, the hybrid laminated electrode embedded with a hole-injecting PEDOT:PSS layer also showed potential for use as the top electrode of a bidirectional PLED device . However, while the lamination method using the PEDOT:PSS top electrode provided both a suitable electrical contact and uniform light emission in the PLED, there remained room for improvement in the device performance in terms of luminous efficiency and operating voltage …”

Intrinsically stretchable, semi-transparent organic photovoltaics with high efficiency and mechanical robustness via a full-solution process

“…Transfer printing is a possible method but requires complicated procedures. [40][41][42] On the other hand, unlike the high-quality contact of transport layer/metal from thermal deposition, directly coating AgNWs onto transport layers would suffer from serious electric/mechanical contact issues, which greatly influence mechanical stability and photovoltaic performance. [43][44][45] Recent advanced OPV devices based on the AgNW back electrode almost show a poor FF o 70%, which is much lower than that of the counterpart of the thermally evaporated metal electrode.…”