Fully Synthesizable PUF Featuring Hysteresis and Temperature Compensation for 3.2% Native BER and 1.02 fJ/b in 40 nm

0.67‐μm 2 /bitcell two‐transistor leakage‐based physically unclonable function with native bit‐instability of 0.89% at 65 nm

“…These features make PUFs among the most promising security primitives for low-cost solutions of key storage, chip-authentication, and supply chain protection. There are mainly two kinds of PUFs reported in the literature [1][2][3][4][5][6], namely, strong PUFs with a large number of IDs [1], and weak PUFs with a limited number of IDs [2][3][4][5][6]. The former provides a larger space for challenge-response pairs; however, existing implementations are prone to machine-learning attacks.…”

“…Area and stability are two critical metrics related to the cost and security of PUFs. Recent state-of-the-art custom works are based on NAND gates [2], current mirrors [3,4], voltage generators [5], and 2-T amplifiers [6]. These works outperform the static RAM-PUF [2], but sacrifice other metrics, e.g.…”

“…These works outperform the static RAM-PUF [2], but sacrifice other metrics, e.g. [3,4] occupy a large area, [5] have lower native stability and energy efficiency, while [6] being sensitive to process technology [3]. Therefore, a weak PUF with high-area efficiency and low-bit instability is proposed in this Letter.…”

“…The randomness was evaluated using a greyscale map and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) tests [3]. Fig.…”

“…The ACF at a 95% confidence level was 0.007, and hence remarkably close to the ideal value of 0. The uniqueness was measured by the inter-PUF Hamming distance (HD) under golden conditions with the same inputs [3]. The value from 20 PUF instances had an average of 0.5001 (i.e.…”