Fully Solution‐Processed Semi‐Transparent Perovskite Solar Cells With Ink‐Jet Printed Silver Nanowires Top Electrode

Abstract

Owing to the sensitivity of the perovskite thin film to solvent, preparation of metal top electrode by solution process is of great challenging. This is the key technology for the realization of fully solution processed perovskite solar cells. In this paper, we report the preparation of transparent silver nanowires (AgNW) top electrode for perovskite solar cells using inkjet printing process. Experiment results demonstrate that low device performance with low fill factor was obtained when the AgNW is directly printed onto the PC61BM layer. This is ascribed to the mismatched work functions of the AgNW electrode and PC61BM layer, and the solvent assisted chemical corrosion of the AgNW electrode by halogen anions. By inserting a thin layer of polyethylenimine (PEI), the charge injection barrier between PC61BM and AgNW electrode was minimized. More importantly, such a thin PEI layer suppresses the chemical corrosion of AgNW electrode during printing, yielding a condensed and uniform AgNW networks. The introduction of a thin PEI layer greatly improves the device performance and stability. A high power conversion efficiency of 14.17% with an averaged light transmittance of 21.2% was achieved for the PEI/AgNW cells. In addition, improved performance stability was measured for the PEI/AgNW cells.

Printing Conductive Nanomaterials for Flexible and Stretchable Electronics: A Review of Materials, Processes, and Applications

“…Among all types of solar cells, organic solar cells (OSCs) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are particularly suited for deposition using printing technologies. Printable TCEs based on both AgNPs and AgNWs have been widely employed as transparent electrodes for solar cells. Kopola et al demonstrated the aerosol jet printing Ag grid with linewidth less than 60 µm as the electrode for OSCs.…”

“…Recently, the same group also inkjet printed AgNW network for semitransparent PSCs. By inserting a thin layer of polyethylenimine between AgNW network and electron accept layer, the charge injection barrier and chemical corrosion of AgNW electrode can be effectively suppressed …”

High performance perovskite sub-module with sputtered SnO2 electron transport layer

“…Up to date, various efforts have been contributed to improve the performance of PSCs, and a certified PCE based on a small area cell (< 0.1 cm 2 ) has exceeded 23% recently, which makes it promising to compete with silicon solar cells (Jeon et al, 2018). There is also exclusive superiority for PSC in tandem solar cells (Leijtens et al, 2018;Zhao et al, 2018a;Albrecht et al, 2016;, semitransparent solar cells (Xue et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2018;Xie et al, 2018), and flexible devices (Feng et al, 2018;Bu et al, 2018). However, the instability of perovskite absorber materials (Correa-Baena et al, 2017) and difficulty in large area fabrication devices (Li et al, 2018b) is still serious problems for future commercialization of p e r o v s k i t e -b a s e d s o l a r c e l l .…”

Supersmooth Ta2O5/Ag/Polyetherimide Film as the Rear Transparent Electrode for High Performance Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells

“…In a typical semitransparent PSC structure, the rear transparent electrode (RTE) is one of the key components because it is deposited on the underlying soft active layer. So far, various transparent conductive electrodes have been investigated as RTEs for semitransparent PSCs, such as transparent conductive oxides, conductive polymers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, metal nanowires, metal mesh, ultrathin metal films, and so on. Among them, the ultrathin metal films with the thickness below 10 nm have the advantage in the facile deposition process, as well as low sheet resistance, high optical transmittance, and good adhesive strength comparable to other alternatives.…”