Fully Printed Silver‐Nanoparticle‐Based Strain Gauges with Record High Sensitivity

Zhang, Suoming; Cai, Le; Li, Wei; Miao, Jinshui; Wang, Tongyu; Yeom, Junghoon; Sepúlveda, Nelson; Wang, Chuan

doi:10.1002/aelm.201700067

Cited by 90 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Equipping the complex shapes found on objects, robots, or humans with a large number of sensors is necessary for realizing electronic skins . For example, just to emulate the density of thermoreceptors on a human fingertip, an electronic skin would require ≈250 sensors per cm 2 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Large‐Area All‐Printed Temperature Sensing Surfaces Using Novel Composite Thermistor Materials

Katerinopoulou

Zalar

Sweelssen

et al. 2018

Adv Elect Materials

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goal, a scalable process for realizing a large number of sensors over large areas with mechanical flexibility is necessary. Printed flexible and stretchable electronics envisage a drastic change in production methods, but more importantly how elec tronics are perceived and implemented. [7] In applications where thin, flexible, and stretchable properties are required, printed sensors detecting a multi tude of para meters represents an elegant solution. [8][9][10][11][12] Accurate measurement of tempera ture is of critical importance. Measuring temporal changes in temperature or spatial temperature gradients is exten sively used in industrial settings as well as for medical applications. Recently there is an increased interest in equipping complex surfaces and shapes with a large number of temperature sensors. [7,13,14] This requires a costefficient route to manufacture thermistor materials over large areas on flexi ble substrates.Thermocouples are the classical instru ment for measuring temperature, where changes in resistance of a metal is used to determine the temperature. The drawback of this method is the limited change in resistance (+0.1% °C −1 ) and the need to compensate for the cold junction temperature, making accurate measurements challenging, costly, and sensitive to artifacts. [15] Resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) represent another Surfaces which can accurately distinguish spatial and temporal changes in temperature are critical for not only flow sensors, microbolometers, process control, but also future applications like electronic skins and soft robotics. Realizing such surfaces requires the deposition of thousands of thermal sensors over large areas, a task ideally suited for printing technologies. Negative temperature coefficient (NTC) ceramics represent the industry standard in temperature sensing due to their high thermal coefficient and excellent stability. A drawback is their complex and high temperature fabrication process and high stiffness, prohibiting their monolithic integration in large area or flexible applications. As a remedy, a printable NTC composite that combines a rapid and scalable all-printed fabrication process with performances that are on par with conventional NTC ceramics is demonstrated. The composite consists of micrometer-sized manganese spinel oxide particles dispersed in a benzocyclobutene matrix. The sensor has a B coefficient of 3500 K, with a 4.0% change in resistance at 25 °C, comparable to bulk ceramics. The selected polymer binder yields a composite exhibiting less than a 1 °C change in resistance to changes in humidity. The sensor's scalability is validated by demonstration of a A4-sized temperature sensing sheet consisting of over 400 sensors.

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confidence: 99%

Large‐Area All‐Printed Temperature Sensing Surfaces Using Novel Composite Thermistor Materials

Katerinopoulou

Zalar

Sweelssen

et al. 2018

Adv Elect Materials

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“…Strain sensors based on NP films, in particular, have been of growing interest due to their increased sensitivity [19][20][21] when compared to existing metal strain sensors that incorporate thin film technology [23]. In addition, the low processing temperatures required in the case of NP-based strain sensing devices, render them fully compatible with flexible substrate technology [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin Film Protected Flexible Nanoparticle Strain Sensors: Experiments and Modeling

Aslanidis

Skotadis

Moutoulas

et al. 2020

Sensors

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In this work, the working performance of Platinum (Pt), solvent-free nanoparticle (NP)-based strain sensors made on a flexible substrate has been studied. First, a new model has been developed in order to explain sensor behaviour under strain in a more effective manner than what has been previously reported. The proposed model also highlights the difference between sensors based on solvent-free and solvent-based NPs. As a second step, the ability of atomic layer deposition (ALD) developed Al2O3 (alumina) thin films to act as protective coatings against humidity while in adverse conditions (i.e., variations in relative humidity and repeated mechanical stress) has been evaluated. Two different alumina thicknesses (5 and 11 nm) have been tested and their effect on protection against humidity is studied by monitoring sensor resistance. Even in the case of adverse working conditions and for increased mechanical strain (up to 1.2%), it is found that an alumina layer of 11 nm provides sufficient sensor protection, while the proposed model remains valid. This certifies the appropriateness of the proposed strain-sensing technology for demanding applications, such as e-skin and pressure or flow sensing, as well as the possibility of developing a comprehensive computational tool for NP-based devices.

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“…Digitally printed electronics are a driver for novel research in various fields owing to their design flexibility as well as other advantages such as expedited time-to-market. [1][2][3] Ink jetting of inks containing colloidal materials, such as metal nanoparticles (MNPs), [4][5][6][7][8] germania-silica, 9 and semiconductor quantum dots 10 has been successfully employed in applications ranging from flexible and wearable electronics [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] to quantum optoelectronic devices [20][21][22] and fully printed perovskite solar cells. [23][24][25][26] However, the performance of printed parts is not competitive with those made by traditional manufacturing methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual polymer stabiliser causes anisotropic conductivity in metal nanoparticle 2D and 3D printed electronics

Trindade

Wang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Inkjet printing of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) allows for design flexibility, rapid processing and enables 3D printing of functional electronic devices through co-deposition of multiple materials. However, the performance of printed devices, especially their conductivity, is lower than those made by traditional manufacturing methods and is previously not fully understood. Here, we revealed that anisotropic electrical conductivity of printed MNPs is caused by organic residuals from MNPs inks. We employed a combination of electrical resistivity tests, morphological analysis and novel 3D nanoscale chemical analysis of printed devices using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to show that the polymer stabiliser polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) tends to concentrate between vertically stacked AgNPs layers as well as at dielectric/conductive interfaces. The understanding of organic residues behaviour in printed nanoparticles reveal potential new strategies to improve nanomaterial ink formulations for functional printed electronics.

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Fully Printed Silver‐Nanoparticle‐Based Strain Gauges with Record High Sensitivity

Cited by 90 publications

References 32 publications

Large‐Area All‐Printed Temperature Sensing Surfaces Using Novel Composite Thermistor Materials

Large‐Area All‐Printed Temperature Sensing Surfaces Using Novel Composite Thermistor Materials

Thin Film Protected Flexible Nanoparticle Strain Sensors: Experiments and Modeling

Residual polymer stabiliser causes anisotropic conductivity in metal nanoparticle 2D and 3D printed electronics

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