Fully interconnected, two-dimensional neural arrays using wavelength-multiplexed volume holograms

Abstract

We present a compact method to provide independent weighted interconnections between every pixel in a two-dimensional input array and every pixel in a two-dimensional output array. The two input dimensions and two output dimensions are connected by a four-dimensional weight matrix consisting of wavelength-multiplexed volume holograms that use cryogenic spectral hole burning in a single holographic element.

Complex-Valued Neural Networks

“…Besides, we have several reports on the utilization of the optical-frequency domain so far, for instance, an FDM memory using volume hologram [105], a winner-take-all network based on the nonlinearity in semiconductor laser oscillation with external optical feedback and the spectral hole burning [106], and numerical experiments showing various generalization characteristics in the frequency domain realized by learning and self-organization [107]. Figure 8.1 is an illustration presenting the concept of the optical-carrierfrequency dependent behavior in the associative memory.…”

Coherent lightwave associative memory system that possesses a carrier-frequency-controlled behavior

“…Taking the frequency into account, we can make use of the vast frequency bandwidth of light. Several papers have reported the advantage of utilizing the frequency domain; e.g., FDM using a volume hologram, 3 an FDM spectrum hole burned with a laser nonlinear response, 4 and a numerical backpropagation experiment that shows frequency-controlled behavior and generalization ability in the frequency domain. 5 Previously, we presented 5,6 that coherent networks can possess a carrier-frequency-dependent behavior.…”

Design and analysis of fixed planar holographic interconnects for optical neural networks

“…8 Wavelength multiplexing has been proposed as a method to allow full interconnection between a 2-D array of outputs and inputs via a volume hologram. 9 An alternative approach to interconnecting a 2-D array of neurons [10][11][12] involves the use of multifaceted holograms 13 for performing the interconnection process. An individual neuron within the 2-D array emits a light beam that illuminates a single subhologram.…”