Fully inkjet-printed large-scale photoelectrodes

The route for commercial photoelectrochemical water splitting: a review of large-area devices and key upscaling challenges

“…The research group of Lee has achieved a significant breakthrough in large-scale PE manufacturing using inkjet printing. 214 The proof-of-concept of fully inkjet-printed a-Fe 2 O 3 layers on an FTO glass substrate was demonstrated with a 20 Â 25 array and photo-illumination area of 500 cm 2 ; the authors also reported the formulations for preparing other semiconductors. However, they did not provide any information regarding the performance of large-area inkjet-printed PEs or on economic and environmental analyses.…”

Recent progress and perspectives on heteroatom doping of hematite photoanodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting

“…Up to now, the highest efficiency of the hematite-based photoanode has been about 7 mA cm −2 at 1.23 V RHE , and the efficiency has been increasing at a fairly rapid rate. 76 However, in order to reach the theoretical efficiency of about 12 mA cm −2 at 1.23 V RHE , in addition to the synergistic effect between the substrate and other multiple dopants covered in this review, further study on the various components and different aspects of doping such as single atomic-level engineering is required. 50,51…”

Large-area all-perovskite-based coplanar photoelectrodes for scaled-up solar hydrogen production

“…In particular, the light absorber's size is mostly below 1 cm 2 , which is insufficient for the commercialization of LHP-photoelectrode-based PEC water splitting systems. 24,25 As the photoelectrodes account for a significant portion of the levelized cost of hydrogen, it is imperative to develop an LHP-based scalable PEC water splitting device.…”