Fully gravure printed organic photovoltaic modules: A straightforward process with a high potential for large scale production

Kapnopoulos, C.; Mekeridis, E.; Tzounis, Lazaros; Polyzoidis, Christos; Zachariadis, Alexandros; Tsimikli, S.; Gravalidis, C.; Laskarakis, A.; Vouroutzis, Ν.; Logothetidis, S.

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2015.10.021

Cited by 78 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…In Figure 6b, this progress is shown for the coating and printing techniques discussed in this work. : [30,31,33,51,59,61,62,64,72,73,87,92,93,95,99,104,115,118,121,123,125,132,136]). From an application perspective the PCE should be reported with respect to the aperture area, but in several early studies the PCE is provided with regard to the active area instead.…”

Section: State-of-the-art Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in contrast to OPV, where gravure printing is frequently used for the deposition of patterned structures in PV modules, [125,126] these techniques are less-studied for PSCs. However, in contrast to OPV, where gravure printing is frequently used for the deposition of patterned structures in PV modules, [125,126] these techniques are less-studied for PSCs.…”

Section: Screen Printing Relief Printing and Gravure Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coated and Printed Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications

et al. 2019

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optoelectronic devices, a novel lowcost and highly efficient photovoltaic (PV) material emerged. Only 10 years after the first reported perovskite solar cells (PSCs), power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) above 23% were certified, exceeding those of much longer established thin-film PV technologies, including organic photovoltaics (OPV) and inorganic thin-film PV based on copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) or cadmium telluride (CdTe). [1] The material class of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites combines excellent optoelectronic properties, such as long diffusion lengths [2] and short absorption lengths, [3] with the ease of solution processing, low energy payback times, and low-cost precursor materials. [4] Moreover, the optoelectronic properties and the material stability can be engineered by varying the constituents in the perovskite crystal structure ABX 3 . For example, the bandgap (E G ) can be tuned by changing the stoichiometric ratio of Br and I at the halogen anion site X. [5][6][7] In order to improve the stability of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites, compositional engineering of the cation site A was demonstrated to be successful via combining methylammonium (CH 3 NH 3 + or MA + ), formamidinium (CH 5 N 2 + or FA + ), Cs + , and Rb + ions in the so-called multi-cation perovskites. [8][9][10][11] Three key challenges hinder today the economical breakthrough of PSCs:Stability: First, the instability of PSCs against moisture, oxygen, light, and temperature limits the lifetime of PSCs to a fraction of the warranty lifetime (often >25 years) of the market dominating crystalline silicon (c-Si) PV. [12] Very respectable progress has been made over recent years to enhance the stability of PSCs by demonstrating stability over 1000 h, but significant further advances in terms of stability are needed to lift the technology to a level where it is ready to compete with, or be a bolt-on tandem companion to the current PV heavyweight of c-Si. A number of reviews cover recent developments on the topic of stability. [13][14][15][16][17] Toxicity: Second, highly efficient PSCs still contain lead, the toxicity of which hampers the acceptance of the technology and could conflict with legislative barriers. [18] Other recent reviews present progress with respect to this challenge. [19,20] Upscaling: Third, the upscaling of perovskite PV devices to commercial PV module sizes (>1 m 2 ) must be achieved. To date, the vast majority of research and development of PSCs is still Hybrid organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite semiconductors provide opportunities and challenges for the fabrication of low-cost thin-film photovoltaic devices. The opportunities are clear: the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of small-area perovskite photovoltaics has surpassed many established thin-film technologies. However, the large-scale solution-based deposition of perovskite layers introduces challenges. To form perovskite layers, precursor solutions are coated or printed and these must then be crystallized into the perovskite structur...

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Section: State-of-the-art Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Screen Printing Relief Printing and Gravure Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coated and Printed Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications

et al. 2019

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“…The use of gravure and flexographic printing was also extensively investigated and has demonstrated their promise for the R2R preparation of organic solar cells . These two‐dimensional printing techniques are differentiated from other coating methods by enabling the direct patterning of arbitrarily shaped and sized features, thereby enhancing the freedom to connect the cells in modules.…”

Section: Photovoltaicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roll‐to‐Roll Fabrication of Solution Processed Electronics

Abbel¹,

2018

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The production of electronic devices using solution based ("wet") deposition technologies has some decisive technical and commercial advantages compared to competing approaches like vacuum based ("dry") manufacturing. Particularly, the potential to scale up production processes to large areas and high volumes by introducing continuous roll-to-roll (R2R) methods on flexible substrates has been the topic of intense studies from both applied research institutes and industry already for some years. Decisive steps forward have been achieved during that time, resulting in the dawn of commercial applications for a number of processes, while additional development work is still needed in some other fields. This review summarizes the work published during the last few years on the R2R printing and wet coating of electronic devices. An overview is presented of the basic operational principles for the most commonly used R2R printing and coating methods and techniques for proper web handling in R2R lines. Then, the most commonly used types of flexible substrate materials are introduced, followed by a review of the work published in the application areas of transparent conductor materials, printed electric connections, light emitting devices, photovoltaic energy generation, printed logic, and sensing.

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“…The most frequently used modular design is shown in Figure a, Lee and co‐workers successively deposited different organic layers by slot‐die and doctor‐blade printing techniques and by fabricating OSC modules, they were able to achieve a high module efficiency up to 7.5% with an area of 4.15 cm 2 . The anode and cathode were parallel to each other and there was no need for any additional electrodes to connect each of single cells in their system.…”

Section: Pce Losses From Small‐area To Large‐area Devices and To Modmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large‐Area Organic Solar Cells: Material Requirements, Modular Designs, and Printing Methods

et al. 2018

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The printing of large‐area organic solar cells (OSCs) has become a frontier for organic electronics and is also regarded as a critical step in their industrial applications. With the rapid progress in the field of OSCs, the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) for small‐area devices is approaching 15%, whereas the PCE for large‐area devices has also surpassed 10% in a single cell with an area of ≈1 cm2. Here, the progress of this fast developing area is reviewed, mainly focusing on: 1) material requirements (materials that are able to form efficient thick active layer films for large‐area printing); 2) modular designs (effective designs that can suppress electrical, geometric, optical, and additional losses, leading to a reduction in the PCE of the devices, as a consequence of substrate area expansion); and 3) printing methods (various scalable fabrication techniques that are employed for large‐area fabrication, including knife coating, slot‐die coating, screen printing, inkjet printing, gravure printing, flexographic printing, pad printing, and brush coating). By combining thick‐film material systems with efficient modular designs exhibiting low‐efficiency losses and employing the right printing methods, the fabrication of large‐area OSCs will be successfully realized in the near future.

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Fully gravure printed organic photovoltaic modules: A straightforward process with a high potential for large scale production

Cited by 78 publications

References 64 publications

Coated and Printed Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications

Coated and Printed Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications

Roll‐to‐Roll Fabrication of Solution Processed Electronics

Large‐Area Organic Solar Cells: Material Requirements, Modular Designs, and Printing Methods

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