Fully Bioabsorbable Natural‐Materials‐Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators

Abstract

Implantable medical devices provide an effective therapeutic approach for neurological and cardiovascular diseases. With the development of transient electronics, a new power source with biocompatibility, controllability, and bioabsorbability becomes an urgent demand for medical sciences. Here, various fully bioabsorbable natural-materials-based triboelectric nanogenerators (BN-TENGs), in vivo, are developed. The "triboelectric series" of five natural materials is first ranked, it provides a basic knowledge for materials selection and device design of the TENGs and other energy harvesters. Various triboelectric outputs of these natural materials are achieved by a single material and their pairwise combinations. The maximum voltage, current, and power density reach up to 55 V, 0.6 µA, and 21.6 mW m , respectively. The modification of silk fibroin encapsulation film makes the operation time of the BN-TENG tunable from days to weeks. After completing its function, the BN-TENG can be fully degraded and resorbed in Sprague-Dawley rats, which avoids a second operation and other side effects. Using the proposed BN-TENG as a voltage source, the beating rates of dysfunctional cardiomyocyte clusters are accelerated and the consistency of cell contraction is improved. This provides a new and valid solution to treat some heart diseases such as bradycardia and arrhythmia.

Nature Driven Bio‐Piezoelectric/Triboelectric Nanogenerator as Next‐Generation Green Energy Harvester for Smart and Pollution Free Society

“…Interestingly, they have used untreated (U) and methanol (M) treated SF for in vivo studied through implanting the device inside rat (Figure 21k). [173] Copyright 2018, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. Further, output voltage was well studied i) The variation of output voltage/current with external load resistance.…”

Sunlight‐Triggerable Transient Energy Harvester and Sensors Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator Using Acid‐Sensitive Poly(phthalaldehyde)

“…Diesendruck et al realized a mechanochemically triggered autonomic remodeling system using high molecular weight PPHA that can go through the depolymerization-repolymerization cycle similar to biological tissues. [4,11,19,20] Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), [21][22][23] an emerging mechanical energy harvesting technology with great flexibility in material choices, is promising in offering transient power sources. [14] When loaded with photosensitive or heat-sensitive agents such as photoacid generator (PAG) or acid-encapsulated wax, PPHA can be depolymerized upon light exposure or thermal treatment.…”

A Flexible, Recyclable, and High‐Performance Pullulan‐Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator (TENG)

“…Though the literature review, although the biomaterials (e.g., chitosan [24] and cellulose [25] ), used in the previous TENG researches, were abundant in raw materials, the as-obtained biomaterials were supposed to be processed with various treatments, which consumed multiple resources (electric, water, chemicals, etc.) and created by-products and wastes.…”

“…Thus, the natural biomaterialsbased TENGs [22] have immensely attracted the researcher's attentions with the merits of biocompatibility, low cost, and plentiful raw materials. [23][24][25] Wang et al [24] reported a biodegradable and flexible chitosanbased TENG (chitosan was derived from chitin) and explored the feasibility of laser processing of constituent materials. Jiang et al [25] developed various fully bioabsorbable natural-materials-based TENGs, which were used as an in vivo voltage source to accelerate the beating rates of dysfunctional cardiomyocyte clusters and improve the consistency of cell contractions.…”

“…[23][24][25] Wang et al [24] reported a biodegradable and flexible chitosanbased TENG (chitosan was derived from chitin) and explored the feasibility of laser processing of constituent materials. Jiang et al [25] developed various fully bioabsorbable natural-materials-based TENGs, which were used as an in vivo voltage source to accelerate the beating rates of dysfunctional cardiomyocyte clusters and improve the consistency of cell contractions. Generally, the natural biomaterials, prepared into bio-TENGs, are mainly divided into two strategies, including natural proteins and polysaccharides.…”