Fulleropyrrolidine-functionalized ceria nanoparticles as a tethered dual nanosystem with improved antioxidant properties

Abstract

Combining nanoceria and fulleropyrrolidine in a tethered nanosystem allows for efficient scavenging of reactive oxygen species and improved protection of mouse fibroblast cells exposed to a UV insult.

Carbon-based antiviral nanomaterials: graphene, C-dots, and fullerenes. A perspective

“…Among the nanomaterials that have been tested in nanomedicine and biotechnology, nanoparticles are certainly the most important to date. [4][5][6] Their antiviral activity is exerted through multiple mechanisms. The small size and tailored functionalization of the surface favour drug delivery and entry through the cell membrane (negatively charged).…”

Remodeling the hepatic fibrotic microenvironment with emerging nanotherapeutics: a comprehensive review

“…Anionic HA-containing NPs LSECs, Tregs Suppressing antigen-specific immune responses [29] AB diblock copolymers NPs LSECs, KCs Leading to immune inflammation [33] Stab2-containing NPs LSECs, Tregs Clearing of lipoproteins [30] Mannose-modified albumin NPs Macrophages TGFβ-siRNA to CD206 + as an anti-fibrotic strategy [37] CMC-containing NPs Macrophages Reducing host immune response [40] PS-containing NPs Macrophages Reducing collagen fiber deposition [42] silk or silicon-containing NPs Macrophages Pro-inflammatory phenotype [69] hydrogel particles M2-polarized macrophages Improving immunocompromised and impaired angiogenesis [108,109] DEX/HA-TK-ART PMs M2-polarized macrophages HIF-1α/NF-κB signaling cascade [90] mLNP-siHMGB1 Macrophages, HSCs Inhibiting the activation of HSCs [38] DSPE-PEG-CeO2 NPs Macrophages, HSCs Reducing inflammation [86] CNF HSCs, macrophages Increasing glycolysis and reprogramming and reducing initiated inflammatory [70] VA-SLNs HSCs Reducing PPARγ/SREBPs-mediated lipid accumulation [61] CS sulfate PMs HSCs Anti-fibrotic strategy [63] CS-coated green silver NPs HSCs Bounding to the fibrogenic protein TGF-β [65] hydrogels HSCs Blocking the TGF-β1/Smad pathway [66] RGD HSCs Inhibiting the proliferation of HSCs [82] Chol-PCX/miRNA NPs HSCs, T cells Disrupting the lipid metabolic network [73,74] GQD HSCs Inhibiting lipid peroxidation, apoptosis, and autophagy [87] CeO2 NPs HSCs Antioxidant effect [85] FPL HSCs Antioxidant effect [88] ChiBil carrying losartan HSCs attenuating iron death [89] PEG-PLGA-containing NPs LSECs, hepatocytes and HSCs Constricting abnormal blood vessels, reducing MVD [99] Self-assembled PMs LSECs, hepatocytes and HSCs Avoiding the hepatotoxicity and side effects [96] NPs laponite HUVECs enhancing HIF-1α and VEGF expression, accelerating neovascularization [110] and mannose receptors (MR) that produce inhibitory acquired immune responses. LSECs regulate adaptive immune responses directly by presenting antigens to T cells and also regulate natural killer T cells (NKT cells) by expressing CXCL16, and the cell surface ligand for CXCR6…”

Anticancer therapeutic effect of cerium-based nanoparticles: known and unknown molecular mechanisms

“…• The easily switchable Ce 3+ ↔ Ce 4+ redox and associated ROS production represent an autoregenerative antioxidant mechanism 107–110 that can be leveraged through the environmental pH levels, where the typical microenvironment exhibits an acidic pH of ∼6.4 (Ce 4+ prooxidant) and the physiological environment exhibits a basic pH of ∼7.4 (Ce 3+ antioxidant). 59…”

“…105 • With normal cells, homeostasis can be maintained even if the ROS level is raised above normal levels because it does not reach the cytotoxic threshold and, afterwards, it returns to normal levels. 106 • The easily switchable Ce 3+ ↔ Ce 4+ redox and associated ROS production represent an autoregenerative antioxidant mechanism [107][108][109][110] that can be leveraged through the environmental pH levels, where the typical microenvironment exhibits an acidic pH of ∼6.4 (Ce 4+ prooxidant) and the physiological environment exhibits a basic pH of ∼7.4 (Ce 3+ antioxidant). 59 Although the roles of the SOD and CAT reactions in these processes are well known, there is an apparent contradiction in that, while they are mass balanced for H 2 O 2 , they are not mass balanced for Ce.…”