Fullerenes

Abstract

This chapter reviews the literature reported during 2011 on fullerene chemistry including fullerene production and properties, organic and organometallic chemistry, endohedral derivatives and advanced materials as well as theoretical studies and possible applications of fullerene and its derivatives. HighlightsA facile preparation of highly water-soluble derivatives C 70 [p-C 6 H 4 (CH 2 ) n COOH] 8 (n = 2, 3) has been reported. The synthesised fullerene derivatives demonstrated low toxicity in vitro and in vivo in combination with the pronounced antiviral activity observed against HIV and influenza virus.

Toxic effect of C60 fullerene-doxorubicin complex towards tumor and normal cells in vitro

“…C 60 fullerene has an eminent position among the available promising and effective biomedical compounds [1]. Due to their nanoscale dimension, combination of strength with low weight [2], strong antioxidant properties [3,4], accessibility for cellular uptake [5][6][7], the pristine C 60 fullerenes are considered as pharmaceutically valuable compounds of a new class [8][9][10].…”

Structural Features of Highly Stable Reproducible C60Fullerene Aqueous Colloid Solution Probed by Various Techniques

“…They exhibit antioxidant properties (7) and, being non-toxic (at low concentration at least) (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13), exert specific health effects (e.g., suppress the grow th o f m alignant tum ors (14,15)). A lthough these molecules have extrem ely low w ater solubility (16), they form stable colloid solutions containing individual C60 fullerenes as well as C60 fullerene aggregates (clusters) in w ater (17,18), w hen subjected to extended m ix ing, sonication, or solvent exchange (19,20). To understand behavior o f C6o fullerene in the biological m edium (at the lev els o f cell, tissue and organ), it is necessary to know exactly its concentration in w ater (dose effect), distribution in size and shape (size effect).…”

Synthesis and Preliminary Characterization of a PPE-Type Polymer Containing Substituted Fullerenes and Transition Metal Ligation Sites

“…The product was purified via MPLC on silica. (3). In a 250 mL round bottom flask equipped with a stir bar, 11 (0.0694 g, 0.2099 mmol), 11.6 mL distilled THF, 3.6 mL of 20% (w/v) NaOH solution, and 21.7 mL of methanol were added.…”

“…Our focus has been the substituted fullerene 1 (Scheme 1) that provides a simple "handle" for attachment to other moieties [4][5][6]. Our initial efforts focused on small molecule systems incorporating well-known transition metal chromophores (e.g., -Re I (CO) 3 Cl and -Ru II (bpy) 2 2+ , where bpy is 2,2 -bipyridine) [7][8][9] that exhibited unique photophysical properties, including photoinduced charge transfer [6]. These charge transfer capabilities have been further confirmed with ab initio calculations [10].…”

“…Since their discovery, fullerenes have been a focus of photochemistry and molecular electronics for their unique properties, and our group has been interested for many years in their incorporation into supramolecular systems [1][2][3]. Our focus has been the substituted fullerene 1 (Scheme 1) that provides a simple "handle" for attachment to other moieties [4][5][6].…”