Fullerenes and carbon derivatives: From insulators to superconductors

Degiorgi, L.

doi:10.1080/000187398243555

Cited by 33 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 171 publications

(593 reference statements)

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“…There are multiple spherical configurations of fullerenes involving different numbers of carbon atoms (e.g., C 60 , C 70 , C 80 ), but C 60 (Buckminster fullerene, or Bucky ball) is by far the most prominent in terms of production, scientific interest, and research engagement. Numerous researchers have discussed the unique physicochemical properties [13,14] and potential beneficial properties of C 60 [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological considerations for testing the ecotoxicity of carbon nanotubes and fullerenes: Review

Petersen

Henry

2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

112

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Abstract-The recent emergence of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) that are released into the environment and lead to exposure in organisms has accelerated the need to determine NP toxicity. Techniques for measuring the toxicity of NPs (nanotoxicology) in ecological receptors (nanoecotoxicology) are in their infancy, however, and establishing standardized ecotoxicity tests for NPs are presently limited by several factors. These factors include the extent of NP characterization necessary (or possible) before, during, and after toxicity tests such that toxic effects can be related to physicochemical characteristics of NPs; determining uptake and distribution of NPs within exposed organisms (does uptake occur or are effects exerted at organism surfaces?); and determining the appropriate types of controls to incorporate into ecotoxicity tests with NPs. In this review, the authors focus on the important elements of measuring the ecotoxicity of carbon NPs (CNPs) and make recommendations for ecotoxicology testing that should enable more rigorous interpretations of collected data and interlaboratory comparisons. This review is intended to serve as a next step toward developing standardized tests that can be incorporated into a regulatory framework for CNPs. Environ. Toxicol. Chem.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological considerations for testing the ecotoxicity of carbon nanotubes and fullerenes: Review

Petersen

Henry

2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

112

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] For example, their mechanical strength and electrical conductivity due to the delocalization of π bonds have found many applications in nano-scale electrical devices, polymer fillers, fuel cells, cosmetics, and biological sensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of C₆₀Molecules in Biological Membranes: Computer Simulation Studies

Chang¹,

Lee²

2010

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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We have performed molecular dynamics simulations of atomistic models of C60 molecules and DMPC bilayer membranes to study the static and dynamic effects of carbon nanoparticles on biological membranes. All four C60-membrane systems were investigated representing dilute and concentrated solutions of C60 residing either inside or outside the membrane. The concentrated C60 molecules in water phase start forming an aggregated cluster. Due to its heavy mass, the cluster tends to adhere on the surface of the bilayer membrane, hindering both translational and rotational diffusion of individual C60. On the other hand, once C60 molecules accumulate inside the membrane, they are well dispersed in the central region of the bilayer membrane. Because of the homogeneous dispersion of C60 inside the membrane, each leaflet is pushed away from the center, making the bilayer membrane thicker. This thickening of the membrane provides more room for both translational and rotational motions of C60 inside the membrane compared to that in the water region. As a result, the dynamics of C60 inside the membrane becomes faster with increasing its concentration.

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“…The JT distortion of the ground 2 T 1u and excited 2 T 1g states of C À 60 leads to D 5d or D 3d symmetry. The lower symmetry in turn gives rise to a rich vibrational structure in the infrared spectrum [17]. In case of (Ph 4 P) 2 IC 60 there are counterion (namely Ph 4 P þ ) modes, in addition to the C À 60 modes.…”

Section: High-pressure Infrared Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Results and discussion In pristine C 60 there are four infrared active T 1u modes, at 526, 576, 1183, and 1428 cm À1 [17]. Doping C 60 with electrons causes a symmetry lowering, induces new electronic transitions, shifts some of the fundamental T 1u modes, and activates some new modes in the vibrational spectra.…”

Section: High-pressure Infrared Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Jahn–Teller effect in the ${\rm C}_{60}^{{-} } $ monoanion under high pressure

Francis

Scharinger

Németh

et al. 2010

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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We report the Jahn-Teller (JT) dynamics of the C À 60 monoanion under pressure in (Ph 4 P) 2 IC 60 . (Ph 4 P) 2 IC 60 was synthesized by electrochemical crystallization and investigated by infrared transmission measurements up to 5 GPa. The behavior of two T 1u vibrational modes of C À 60 , which exhibit signatures of the dynamic JT effect at ambient conditions, was followed under pressure. The pressureinduced transition from the dynamic to the static JT state was observed at $2 GPa. Due to symmetry lowering related to the dynamic JT effect, the G 1u mode is activated and shows a splitting at the pressure-induced dynamic-to-static JT distortion. 1 Introduction C 60 -fullerene, the highly symmetric system in nature has kindled interest among the scientific community, to investigate its intriguing properties. The neutral C 60 molecule crystallizes in face-centered cubic (fcc) structure at room temperature and has large enough interstitial space for doping with alkali metals. Several fullerene-related compounds were synthesized and have been investigated. With appropriate doping, the properties of C 60 can be tuned from insulating to superconducting state or even magnetic. Doping C 60 with electrons induces interesting properties in the corresponding compounds: metallic superconducting phases A 3 C 60 (where A stands for alkali metal), semiconducting A 4 C 60 or ferromagnetic TDAE-C 60 which are governed by various physical phenomena [1,2].(Ph 4 P) 2 IC 60 (C 60 -tetraphenylphosphoniumiodide) is one of the charge transfer salts, synthesized by electrochemical method [3]. This fully ionic (Ph 4 P) 2 IC 60 is air stable. (Ph 4 P) 2 IC 60 is tetragonal with space group I 4/m . The I 4/m space group sustains two geometrically equivalent orientations of the C

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Fullerenes and carbon derivatives: From insulators to superconductors

Cited by 33 publications

References 171 publications

Methodological considerations for testing the ecotoxicity of carbon nanotubes and fullerenes: Review

Methodological considerations for testing the ecotoxicity of carbon nanotubes and fullerenes: Review

Dynamics of C₆₀Molecules in Biological Membranes: Computer Simulation Studies

Investigation of the Jahn–Teller effect in the ${\rm C}_{60}^{{-} } $ monoanion under high pressure

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Fullerenes and carbon derivatives: From insulators to superconductors

Cited by 33 publications

References 171 publications

Methodological considerations for testing the ecotoxicity of carbon nanotubes and fullerenes: Review

Methodological considerations for testing the ecotoxicity of carbon nanotubes and fullerenes: Review

Dynamics of C60Molecules in Biological Membranes: Computer Simulation Studies

Investigation of the Jahn–Teller effect in the ${\rm C}_{60}^{{-} } $ monoanion under high pressure

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Dynamics of C₆₀Molecules in Biological Membranes: Computer Simulation Studies