Fullerene—Porphyrin Constructs

Abstract

Porphyrins and fullerenes are spontaneously attracted to each other. This new supramolecular recognition element can be used to construct discrete host-guest complexes, as well as ordered arrays of interleaved porphyrins and fullerenes. The fullereneporphyrin interaction underlies successful chromatographic separations of fullerenes, and there are promising applications in the areas of porous framework solids and photovoltaic devices.

NMR Studies into the Potential Interactions of Fullerene C60 with Tetraphenylporphyrin and Some of Its Derivatives

“…Tetraphenylporphyrin H 2 [TPP] was purchased from the Aldrich Chemical Company [54]. Para-substituted tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives, H 2 [(p-X) 4 TPP] (X = CN and OCH 3 ), of H 2 [TPP] were synthesized by adapting and slightly modifying the method reported by Adler et al [55]. The purity of the H 2 [TPP] derivatives was accomplished by several recrystallizations and established by HPLC and NMR methods.…”

“…The reorientational motion of the phenyl ring is higher an average of 36% than that at the pyrrole site, indicating significant internal motion being present in this complex. 4 TPP] with and without C 60 in Chlorobenzene-d 5 . The temperature behaviors of the relaxation rates and correlation times of the pyrrole and phenyl hydrogens in H 2 [(p-CN) 4 TPP], with and without C 60 , are shown in Tables 3 and 4, respectively.…”

“…Pharmaceutically, fullerenes' unique properties have been exploited to develop a variety of applications including being used as conduits for drug delivery, functionalized to serve as antibacterial agents, and tested as HIV inhibitors [1][2][3]. Porphyrins and fullerenes have been found to spontaneously be attracted to each other [4]. This newly recognized supramolecular recognition element, the attraction of the curved π-surface of the fullerene to the center of the flat π-surface of a porphyrin, is possibly due to π-π and nπ electron interactions.…”

“…The phenyl carbon atoms of the porphyrin were all at distances greater than 4.0Å from fullerene carbon atoms, indicating that the ortho C-H bonds did not contribute significantly to the association. In this study, 1 H NMR relaxation studies have been performed to investigate the nature and precise interaction site of fullerene, C 60 , with tetraphenylporphyrin, H 2 [TPP], and parasubstituted tetraphenylporphyrins, H 2 [(p-X) 4 TPP], where X = CN and OCH 3 in deuterated chlorobenzene-d 5 (CBZ). The porphyrin derivatives were selected to investigate possible interactions changes due to electronic donating or withdrawing capabilities of the substituent group.…”

Forgiveness as singularity: The “Allah” controversy in Malaysia and the church's public discourse of cheek‐turning

“…13 The chief purpose of cheek-turning (and, by extension, forgiveness and reconciliation), therefore, is to produce a situation where injustice and oppression are unraveled via a systemic transformation. Acts like cheek-turning are advocated because they reflect who God is, that is, someone who is kind to the ungrateful and selfish, 14 and therefore these acts offer the possibility of reversing a cycle of violence and revenge in the community.…”