Fullerene-Anchored Core-Shell ZnO Nanoparticles for Efficient and Stable Dual-Sensitized Perovskite Solar Cells

Yao, Kai; Leng, Shifeng; Liu, Zhiliang; Fei, Linfeng; Chen, Yongjian; Li, Sibo; Zhou, Nai-geng; Zhang, Jie; Xu, Yun‐Xiang; Zhou, Lang; Huang, Haitao; Jen, Alex K.‐Y.

doi:10.1016/j.joule.2018.10.018

Cited by 63 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Motivated by the increased phase purity and crystal orientation of RPP films, we fabricated planar devices with an inverted architecture of ITO/Cu:NiO x /RPP/PCBM/BCP/Ag. [ 46 ] Figure 5 a exhibits a cross‐section SEM image of a (TEA) 2 (MA) 2 Pb 3 I 10 solar cell made using the DMAc:TOL (HI) solvent, where the interfaces between various layers are well resolved. Figure 5b shows the current–voltage ( J–V ) curves of the champion TEA‐based PSCs fabricated by various conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordination Engineering of Single‐Crystal Precursor for Phase Control in Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Solar Cells

Qin

Zhong

Intemann

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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efficiencies (PCE). [1,2] However, the intrinsic instability of 3D perovskite materials still remains unresolved. [3,4] Inert bulky organic cations can not only enhance their structural stability via strong interactions between covering organic cations and the [PbI 6 ] − units, but also block moisture from penetrating and corroding inner inorganic layers. [5,6] By incorporation of a larger cation into the 3D structure, the most common type is the (100)-oriented cutting direction, forming representative Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite (RPP) with a chemical formula (A′) 2 (A) n−1 Pb n I 3n+1 (A′ is a primary monovalent cations). [7,8] Unfortunately, the confinement effects of organic spacers also lead to a strong quantum and dielectric confinement in 2D perovskite. Moreover, the decreased conductivity of the organic layers prevents the carrier charge transport between perovskite quantum wells. [9] Thus, RPP exhibits a wider bandgap, a higher exciton binding energy (E b ), and lower charge mobility relative to the 3D perovskites, which results in poor efficiencies. Note that a weak quantum confinement would arise from an increase thickness of layers (n value), leading to a remarkable decrease in the optical bandgap, making it highly desirable to increase the number (n ≥ 4) of inorganic sheets between two adjacent organic spacers by forming quasi-2D structures. [10,11] In addition, through rational design 2D Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites (RPPs) have recently drawn significant attention because of their structural variability that can be used to tailor optoelectronic properties and improve the stability of derived photovoltaic devices. However, charge separation and transport in 2D perovskite solar cells (PSCs) suffer from quantum well barriers formed during the processing of perovskites. It is extremely difficult to manage phase distributions in 2D perovskites made from the stoichiometric mixtures of precursor solutions. Herein, a generally applicable guideline is demonstrated for precisely controlling phase purity and arrangement in RPP films. By visually presenting the critical colloidal formation of the single-crystal precursor solution, coordination engineering is conducted with a rationally selected cosolvent to tune the colloidal properties. In nonpolar cosolvent media, the derived colloidal template enables RPP crystals to preferentially grow along the vertically ordered alignment with a narrow phase variation around a target value, resulting in efficient charge transport and extraction. As a result, a recordhigh power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.68% is demonstrated for a (TEA) 2 (MA) 2 Pb 3 I 10 (n = 3) photovoltaic device with negligible hysteresis. Remarkably, superior stability is achieved with 93% retainment of the initial efficiency after 500 h of unencapsulated operation in ambient air conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordination Engineering of Single‐Crystal Precursor for Phase Control in Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Solar Cells

Qin

Zhong

Intemann

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…Yao et al fabricated an efficient ETL on the perovskite film by anchoring ZnO nanoparticles with fullerene nanoshells (Fa-ZnO), this Fa-ZnO ETL improves the solar cell efficiency and stability simultaneously. [89] ToF-SIMS depth profile (Figure 12a) shows that the distributions of Ni + and Zn + in the dual sensitized cell with the stacking structure of Ag/ Fa-ZnO/perovskite/Cu:NiO x /FTO exhibited an overlap with the Pb + distribution and a gradual change, indicating the formation of dual heterojunction between TLs and perovskite layer. [89] The heterojunction increases the contact area perovskite/ETL and decreases the diffusion path of electrons from the perovskite layer to the ETL, which both improve the electron extraction efficiency.…”

Section: Etlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[89] ToF-SIMS depth profile (Figure 12a) shows that the distributions of Ni + and Zn + in the dual sensitized cell with the stacking structure of Ag/ Fa-ZnO/perovskite/Cu:NiO x /FTO exhibited an overlap with the Pb + distribution and a gradual change, indicating the formation of dual heterojunction between TLs and perovskite layer. [89] The heterojunction increases the contact area perovskite/ETL and decreases the diffusion path of electrons from the perovskite layer to the ETL, which both improve the electron extraction efficiency. Therefore, the champion efficiency of 20.21% was achieved with the MAPbI 3 cell and 21.11% was achieved with the FA 0.85 MA 0.15 PbI 2.55 Br 0.45 cell.…”

Section: Etlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) for Chemical Characterization of Metal Halide Perovskites

Liu

Lorenz

Ievlev

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Metal halide perovskite (MHP) solar cells have attracted much attention due to the rapidly growing power conversion efficiency that has reached 25.2% in a decade, comparable to established commercial photovoltaic modules. Compositional engineering is one of the most effective methods to boost the performance of MHP solar cells. Further improving the efficiency and the stability of MHP solar cells necessitates good understanding of the chemical–efficiency correlation and the chemical evolution during the degradation of MHP solar cells. In this regard, time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) is a powerful tool to investigate the chemical aspect of MHPs and has played an important role in advancing the development of MHP optoelectronics. However, up to date, a review that can guide future utilization of ToF‐SIMS in the MHP development is missing. Herein, the capabilities of ToF‐SIMS in MHP investigations are summarized and analyzed from simple material synthesis and chemical distribution to more complicated device operation mechanism and stability. The strength of ToF‐SIMS in resolving important issues in this field, such as interface composition, ion migration, and degradation in MHP is highlighted. Finally, an outlook with an emphasis on making the utmost of ToF‐SIMS in developing MHP devices is provided.

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“…In PSCs, it is most desirable that the charge transport layer sandwiching the perovskite is completely composed of metal oxides in terms of long‐term stability and low‐cost. Recently, some groups have reported PSCs employing charge transport layers that are entirely composed of metal oxides, using combinations of NiO/ZnO, NiO/SnO 2 , and TiO 2 /CuGaO 2 , respectively . However, the efficiencies of these PSCs were still lower than of those using organic or polymer HTLs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Oxide Charge Transport Layers for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Shin

Lee

Seok

2019

Adv Funct Materials

194

130

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Currently, the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is ≈24%. For the fabrication of such high efficiency PSCs, it is necessary to use both electron and hole transport layers to effectively separate the charges generated by light absorption of the perovskite layer and selectively transfer the separated electrons and holes. In addition to the efficiency, the materials used for transporting charges must be resilient to light, heat, and moisture to ensure long-term stability of PSCs; furthermore, low-cost fabrication is required to form a charge transport layer at low temperatures by a solution process. For this purpose, metal oxides are best suited as charge transport materials for PSCs because of their advantages such as low cost, long-term stability, and high efficiency. In this Review, the metal oxide electron and hole transport materials used in PSCs are reviewed and preparation of these materials is summarized. Finally, the challenges and future research direction for metal oxide-based charge transport materials are described. 10% by using a submicrometer-thick mp-TiO 2 film and solid type hole transporting materials (HTM). [1a,16] We first reported an efficiency of 12% using an ≈400 nm thick mp-TiO 2 electrode and a polymeric HTM (poly-triarylamine, PTAA). [17] Subsequently, the thickness of mp-TiO 2 was reduced to less than 200 nm, and the efficiency was improved by over 22% by controlling the surface morphology, [4] composition, [18] and defect [19] of the perovskite optical absorber using the same PTAA.

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Fullerene-Anchored Core-Shell ZnO Nanoparticles for Efficient and Stable Dual-Sensitized Perovskite Solar Cells

Cited by 63 publications

References 55 publications

Coordination Engineering of Single‐Crystal Precursor for Phase Control in Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Solar Cells

Coordination Engineering of Single‐Crystal Precursor for Phase Control in Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Solar Cells

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) for Chemical Characterization of Metal Halide Perovskites

Metal Oxide Charge Transport Layers for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

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