Full Wheatstone Bridge Spin-Valve Based Sensors for IC Currents Monitoring

Cubells-Beltrán, María-Dolores; Reig, C.; Muñoz, David; Freitas, Susana Vaz; Freitas, Philippe

doi:10.1109/jsen.2009.2030880

Cited by 68 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In both, current flow from left to right below resistances R 1 and R 3 and from right to left below resistances R 2 and R 4 , so giving the full Wheatstone bridge behavior. Such arrangements have been successfully used in medium [6] and low [17] current measurement.…”

Section: Physical Realizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the current strips width must be as narrow as the Joule heating allows, in order to increase the magnetic field density. In [17] a systematic study of low current sensors performance as a function of the current strips width and their geometrical arrangement can be found.…”

Section: Geometric Arrangementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The TEMPCOs have been reported for SV based full Wheatstone bridge sensors [17], and the values are summarized in Tab. 2.…”

Section: Joule Heatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [17], the potentiality of SV based full Wheatstone bridges for low current monitoring at the IC level was demonstrated. A number of prototypes were specifically designed, fabricated and tested.…”

Section: Electric Current Monitoring At the Ic Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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GMR Based Sensors for IC Current Monitoring

Reig

Cubells-Beltrán

2013

Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) Sensors

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Abstract. The Giant MagnetoResistance (GMR) effect is a magnetic coupling mechanism that can be obtained in multilayer structures of few nanometers thick. In these devices, and at room temperature, the resistance is a function of the external magnetic field, at optimal levels for being used as sensors. Since the GMR effect was reported, scientists and engineers have dedicated their effort to this topic. This way, after two decades, a a very good knowledge of the GMR underlying physics together with notable designs of GMR based devices are nowadays available. They were initially used in the read heads of hard drives, but the constant evolution that this technology has experienced has open new fields of application, mainly related to the measurement of small magnetic fields using miniaturized devices, such as biotechnology and microelectronics.Regarding the microelectronics case, these sensors can be potentially used in those scenarios that require a detection or measurement of nonintrusive power by the indirect measurement of the magnetic field.In this chapter, an overview to the current research regarding the application of GMR sensors in the measurement of electrical currents at the integrated circuit (IC) level is drawn. In this particular case is important to take account of particular parameters of the GMR devices such as the sensing structures, the geometric arrangement and implementation of the sensors, the considered linear range, undesired couplings, biasing, hysteresis, temperature drifts, ... We have also described some cases of success describin particular applications of these devices. Finally, some aspects related to the monolithic integration of GMR devices onto standard CMOS engineered chips are also considered in this chapter.

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Section: Physical Realizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geometric Arrangementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The TEMPCOs have been reported for SV based full Wheatstone bridge sensors [17], and the values are summarized in Tab. 2.…”

Section: Joule Heatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electric Current Monitoring At the Ic Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

GMR Based Sensors for IC Current Monitoring

Reig

Cubells-Beltrán

2013

Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) Sensors

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“…This kind of GMR-based CMOS integrated solutions, compared for example to complex and expensive optical detection approaches or imaging systems, measures electrical signal directly from the sensor and makes a low-cost, highly portable device feasible, especially for applications such as fuel cells monitoring, current sensing in power electronic modules, ICs current monitoring and power measurements, etc. [7,[10][11][12][13][14]17,[37][38][39].…”

Section: Integrated Microsystems Introduction and Basic Main Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistive Sensor Interfacing

Marcellis

Ferri

Mantenuto

2013

Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) Sensors

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Abstract. This chapter has the aim to give a complete overview on the first analog front-ends, describing some circuit and system solutions for the design of electronic interfaces suitable for resistive sensors showing different variation ranges: small, as in dedicated-application GMR sensors; wide, especially referred to GMR sensing devices whose baseline is unknown. After a description of the main interface parameters, the authors present several solutions, most of which do not require any calibration. These solutions are different according to the entity of resistive sensor variations, can utilize either AC or DC excitation voltages for the employed sensor and are developed in Voltage-Mode (VM, which considers the use of either the Operational Amplifier (OA) or the Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) as main active block) as well as in Current-Mode (CM) approach (being in this case the Second Generation Current Conveyor (CCII) the active device). The described interfaces can be easily fabricated both as prototype boards, for a fast characterization, and as integrated circuits, also using modern microelectronics design techniques, in a standard CMOS technology with Low Voltage (LV) and Low Power (LP) characteristics, especially when designed for portable applications and instrumentation. Moreover, thanks to their reduced sizes in terms of chip area, the proposed solutions are suitable for being used for sensor arrays applications, where a number of sensors is employed, as in portable systems, to detect different environmental parameters.

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Magnetoresistive Sensors

2019

Magnetic Sensors for Biomedical Applications

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Full Wheatstone Bridge Spin-Valve Based Sensors for IC Currents Monitoring

Cited by 68 publications

References 11 publications

GMR Based Sensors for IC Current Monitoring

GMR Based Sensors for IC Current Monitoring

Resistive Sensor Interfacing

Magnetoresistive Sensors

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