Full-wave black-box transmission line tower model for the assessment of lightning backflashover

Salarieh, Bamdad; Kordi, Behzad

doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107399

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The discussion on the LEMP impact shows the importance to explicitly model the lightning channel and LEMP-induced voltages in numerical simulation. Any better tower model cannot provide accurate insulator voltages, especially for nearby towers, unless the LEMP impact is considered (not including the effect of LEMP can be presumably compensated by the more complex tower modeling for providing accurate voltages at the struck tower, e.g., [24], [25], [33]).…”

Section: A Insulator Voltage Waveformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this view, to achieve both high accuracy and short computation time, improvements of EMT analysis models based on NEA results have been proposed recently. Examples include the modeling of the tower and line considering non-TEM characteristics [24], [32], modifications of the parameters of the multistory tower model [25], and the black-box modeling [33]. These improvements are quite practical since accurate analysis can be performed in a short calculation time once the model is developed on the basis of the NEA results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incorporating the LEMP Impact on Lightning Surge Analysis of Transmission Lines in EMT Simulators

Yamanaka,

Ishimoto,

Tatematsu

2024

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

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Electromagnetic transient (EMT) analysis is an important tool to estimate the lightning performance of transmission lines. In this paper, we advanced the EMT analysis method for transmission lines by incorporating the lightning electromagnetic pulse (LEMP) impact. Analyses by the proposed method clarify the mechanism of the LEMP impact on lightning overvoltages of transmission lines: the LEMP induces voltages having a polarity opposite to those generated by the lightning current, and these LEMP-induced voltages increase the insulator voltages; the EMT analysis without considering the LEMP impact provides lower insulator voltages for both struck and nearby towers. The models used in the proposed method can be synthesized immediately and straightforwardly from the geometries of the towers and lines, and the analysis can be performed within a short time. Moreover, various transmission lines-500, 275, and 77 kV class vertical double-circuit lines and a 275 kV class horizontal single-circuit line-were studied assuming a ground resistivity ranging from 0 to 5000 m, and all the results were validated by the three-dimensional finite-difference timedomain method for solving Maxwell's equations. Thus, the proposed method is a powerful tool and has a potential impact on the lightning performance assessment of transmission lines and insulation coordination studies.

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Section: A Insulator Voltage Waveformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporating the LEMP Impact on Lightning Surge Analysis of Transmission Lines in EMT Simulators

Yamanaka,

Ishimoto,

Tatematsu

2024

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

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“…Numerous approaches have been used to determine these equivalent models. Perhaps all the approaches known in electromagnetics have been used to estimate the impact of voltage and current waves propagation along towers: the time-domain finite-difference method [31,32], the frequency-domain method of moments [33], the partial element equivalent circuit method [34], hybrid electromagnetic codes [35,36], black-box approaches [37], and the frequency-domain finite element method [38]. Additionally, there is a huge number of simple and practical models based on analytical approaches-usually based on magnetostatics [39] or transverse electromagnetic (TEM) transmission line assumptions [31]-that are not as computational heavy as full-wave approaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tower Models for Power Systems Transients: A Review

et al. 2022

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Fast-front transients play an important role in the insulation design of any power system. When a stroke hits the shield wire or the tower of high-voltage overhead power lines, flashover may occur either along the span or across tower insulators, depending on the relevant voltages and insulation strength. As a result, backflashover may take place from the tower structure to the phase conductor whenever a huge impulse current flows along the tower towards considerably high footing impedances. For these reasons, tower modeling for transients studies is an important step in the insulation design, and also for lower voltage applications, where indirect lightning effects may play a predominant role. However, after decades of research on tower modeling, starting from the 1930s with the first model proposed by Jordan, no consensus has been reached neither on a widely accepted tower model nor on the quantitative effect of the tower models on insulation design. Moreover, the fundamental mechanisms at the base of the transient response of towers and the definition of some fundamental parameters have not been totally clarified yet. The aim of this review is to present the available tower models developed through the years in the power community, focussing mainly on lumped/distributed circuit models, and to help the reader to obtain a deeper understanding of them.

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“…In recent years, several authors have studied the impact of the frequency dependence of electrical ground conductivity (σ g ) and ground relative permittivity (ε rg ) in the calculation of electromagnetic transients, especially those developed by lightning strikes on overhead multiphase transmission lines (TLs) or on grounding systems [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, authors only analyze simple configurations corresponding to one or two ground wires because their focus is on the analysis of transients in overhead distribution networks. In [4], Salarieh and Kordi show that the backflashover rate estimation of a transmission tower with the grounding electrodes buried in lossy ground is affected by the frequency-dependent soil electrical parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Analysis of Multiphase Transmission Lines Located above Frequency-Dependent Soils

et al. 2021

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This paper evaluates the influence of frequency-dependent soil conductivity and permittivity in the transient responses of single- and double-circuit transmission lines including the ground wires subjected to lightning strikes. We use Nakagawa’s approach to compute the ground-return impedance and admittance matrices where the frequency-dependent soil is modeled using Alípio and Visacro’s model. We compare some elements of these matrices with those calculated by Carson’s approach which assumes the frequency constant. Results show that a significant difference can be obtained in high resistive soils for these elements in impedance and admittance matrices. Then, we compute the transient responses for single- and double-circuit lines with ground wires located above soils of 500, 1000, 5000, and 10,000 Ω·m considering the frequency constant and frequency-dependent parameters generated for two lightning strikes (subsequent stroke and Gaussian pulse). We demonstrate that the inclusion of frequency dependence of soil results in an expressive reduction of approximately 26.15% and 42.75% in the generated voltage peaks in single- and double-circuit lines located above a high-resistive soil. These results show the impact of the frequency-dependent soils that must be considered for a precise transient analysis in power systems.

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Full-wave black-box transmission line tower model for the assessment of lightning backflashover

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

Incorporating the LEMP Impact on Lightning Surge Analysis of Transmission Lines in EMT Simulators

Incorporating the LEMP Impact on Lightning Surge Analysis of Transmission Lines in EMT Simulators

Tower Models for Power Systems Transients: A Review

Transient Analysis of Multiphase Transmission Lines Located above Frequency-Dependent Soils

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