Full Vaccination Coverage and Associated Factors Among 12-to-23-Month Children at Assosa Town, Western Ethiopia, 2020

Abstract

Introduction: Vaccination means the injection of a killed microbe to stimulate the immune system against the microbe, which prevents communicable diseases. It's the most important and cost-effective public health intervention to reduce child mortality and morbidity. Ethiopian national full vaccination coverage is 43%. This research aimed to assess full vaccination coverage and associated factors among 12-to-23-month children at Assosa Town. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among children aged of 12 to 23 months from November to December 2020. Assosa town has two woredas. Each woreda has five kebeles. By using lottery method, five kebeles were selected from two woredas. Systematic sampling technique was used for sampling. The total sample size was 372. It was calculated by the proportionate allocation method. Questioners were used to collect data by the observation of vaccination caring and mother interviewing. Data were entered into SPSS and analyzed. Multivariance analysis was used by considering a 95% confidence interval. Variables whose p-value less than 0.05 were identified as significant. Results:The respondent rate of this study was 372 (100%). Of the total respondents, 338 (90.8%) were females and 34 (9.1%) of them were males. The coverage of full, partial, and non-vaccination is 71.77%, 16.67%, and 11.56%, respectively. Based on multivariate logistic regression analysis, child age [AOR=2.7, 95% CI: (1.36, 5.4)], no antenatal care visit [AOR=0.41, 95% CI: (0.24, 0.71)] and fear of covid 19 at health institutions [AOR=3.5, 95% CI: (2, 6)] were identified as significant variables. There are major identified factors for partial and non-vaccination. Conclusion: Coverage of full, partial, and non-vaccination was 71.77%, 16.67%, and 11.56%, respectively. Child age, no antenatal care visit, and fear of covid 19 at health institutions were significant variables. Fear of covid-19 is the commonest factor for partial and non-vaccination.

Disparities in full immunization coverage among urban and rural children aged 12-23 months in southwest Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study

“…The finding was consistent with studies done in Assosa town. 29 In fact, in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, this could be due to the risk of infection and the need to keep a physical distance. Stay-at-home and social distancing strategies reduce children’s access to routine immunization services, putting them at risk for vaccine-preventable diseases and their complications.…”

“…The finding was consistent with studies done in Zimbabwe, the national level of Ethiopia, Wogera, Ambo, Sekota, Wonago, Dessie, and Asossa. 8 , 12 , 21 , 22 , 29 , 31 , 37 , 43 This could be due to the fact that women who attend ANC follow-up may receive postnatal counseling on child immunization.…”

“…Male involvement in child immunization and fear of COVID 19 at health institutions are also factors affecting full immunization coverage. 8 , 29 Urban to rural immunization coverage difference is still challenging to achieve the immunization agenda 2030. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the proportion and discrepancies of full immunization coverage between children in the urban and rural areas and to identify predictors of full immunization coverage among children aged 12 to 23 months in both urban and rural areas of Southwest Ethiopia.…”

Vaccination Status and Its Determinants Among Children Aged 12 to 23 Months in Mettu and Sinana Districts, Oromia Region, Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross Sectional Study

“… 41 The other study conducted in Ethiopia agreed with our finding indicating that the odds of full vaccination in a child early in its second year was 2.7 times higher than later in its second year (AOR: 2.7, 95% CI [1.36, 5.4]). 42 This may be due to vaccine coverage increasing from time to time or respondents recalling recent vaccination status that corresponds to younger children more than older children.…”

Determinants of defaulter to full vaccination among children aged 12-23 months in Siraro District, West Arsi zone, Oromia, Ethiopia: A Case-Control study

“…The highest coverage of full vaccination in Addis Ababa (83%) and lowest in Afar region due to different challenges and opportunities as explained in other studies (20%) (5,13). Studies have also reported that maternal education, place of delivery, antenatal care (ANC) visits, postnatal care follow up, place of residence and exposure to mass media as predictors of poor child immunization status (13,14,17,19). However, most of the studies were cross-sectional and failed to include certain variables or factors that could be pertinent in the Ethiopian context, such as socioeconomic status, attitude and service satisfaction towards immunization services provision at grassroots of individual family members and few community-based studies are available.…”