Full-spectrum cone sensitivity functions for X-chromosome-linked anomalous trichromats

DeMarco, Paul J.; Pokorny, Joel; Smith, Vivianne C.

doi:10.1364/josaa.9.001465

Cited by 191 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Chromaticities were specified in a MacLeod-Boynton diagram (figure 1) constructed from the cone sensitivities of DeMarco et al [3]. The diagram represents a plane of equal luminance for the Judd 1951 Observer, where luminance is equal to the sum of the L-and M-cone signals [36].…”

Section: Materials and Methods (A) Apparatus And Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

Is discrimination enhanced at the boundaries of perceptual categories? A negative case

Danilova

Mollon

2014

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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The human visual system imposes discrete perceptual categories on the continuous input space that is represented by the ratios of excitations of the cones in the retina. Is discrimination enhanced at the boundaries between perceptual hues, in the way that discrimination may be enhanced at the boundaries between speech sounds in hearing? In the chromaticity diagram, the locus of unique green separates colours that appear yellowish from those that appear bluish. Using a two-alternative spatial forced choice and an adapting field equivalent to the Daylight Illuminant D65, we measured chromatic discrimination along lines orthogonal to the locus of unique green. In experimental runs interleaved with these performance measurements, we obtained estimates of the phenomenological boundary from the same observers. No enhancement of objectively measured discrimination was observed at the category boundary between yellowish and bluish hues. Instead, thresholds were minimal at chromaticities where the ratio of long-wave to middle-wave cone excitation was the same as that for the background adapting field.

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Section: Materials and Methods (A) Apparatus And Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

Is discrimination enhanced at the boundaries of perceptual categories? A negative case

Danilova

Mollon

2014

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…These estimates may not be appropriate for individual observers or particular viewing conditions. First, there is variation among observers in which lights match, even among color normal observers (42,43; see also 25,27,[44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. Second, the light levels produced by typical CRTs may not completely saturate the rods.…”

Section: Use Of Standard Colorimetric Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Display Characterization

Brainard¹,

Pelli²,

Robson³

2002

Encyclopedia of Imaging Science and Technology

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This article describes the characterization and use of computer‐controlled displays. Most imaging devices are now computer controlled, and this makes it possible for the computer to take into account the properties of the imaging device to achieve the intended image. CRT (cathode ray tube) monitors is emphasizes the article begins with the standard model of CRT imaging. How this model may be used to render the desired visual image accurately from its numerical representation is shown. The domain of validity of the standard CRT model is discussed. The model makes several assumptions about monitor performance that are usually valid but can fail for certain images and CRTs. How to detect such failures and how to cope with them are explained. Primarily users who will be doing accurate imaging on a CRT are addressed. CRTs are very well suited for accurate rendering. Treatment of LCDs (liquid crystal displays) is brief, in part because this technology is changing very rapidly and in part because the strong dependence of emitted light on viewing angle in current LCD displays is a great obstacle to accurate rendering. Plasma displays seem more promising in this regard. All the steps of a basic characterization are presented. The treatment emphasizes accuracy both in color and in space. The display characteristics that need to be taken into account to present an arbitrary spatiotemporal image accurately, that is, luminance and chromaticity as a function of space and time are reviewed. A number of topics of interest to the vision scientist who requires precise control of a displayed stimulus are treated. This article explains the standard CRT model (and necessary basic colorimetry) and describes simple visual tests (available online) that establish the model's validity for a monitor. How to use the standard model to characterize your display for accurate rendering is shown. Finally, the discussion briefly presents several more advanced topics, including characterization of non‐CRT displays.

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“…The actual spectral positions of these anomalous pigments are not as securely established, but by many accounts the peak separation between these pigments and the remaining normal pigments may be about 6 nm (e.g., see ref. 33).…”

Section: Cone Photopigment Polymorphismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primate photopigments and primate color vision.

Jacobs

1996

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

234

128

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The past 15 years have brought much progress in our understanding of several basic features of primate color vision. There has been particular success in cataloging the spectral properties of the cone photopigments found in retinas of a number of primate species and in elucidating the relationship between cone opsin genes and their photopigment products. Direct studies of color vision show that there are several modal patterns of color vision among groupings of primates: (i) Old World monkeys, apes, and humans all enjoy trichromatic color vision, although the former two groups do not seem prone to the polymorphic variations in color vision that are characteristic of people; (ii) most species of New World monkeys are highly polymorphic, with individual animals having any of several types of dichromatic or trichromatic color vision; (iii) less is known about color vision in prosimians, but evidence suggests that at least some diurnal species have dichromatic color vision; and (iv) some nocturnal primates may lack color vision completely. In many cases the photopigments and photopigment gene arrangements underlying these patterns have been revealed and, as a result, hints are emerging about the evolution of color vision among the primates.The generalization that color vision is a more developed and acute capacity in primates than it is in other mammals came from a consideration of the natural history of mammals (1). There is now extensive experimental support for this proposition (2), but a surprise from the results of color-vision studies of the past two decades is that primate color vision is not monolithic. The substantial variations in color vision that have been revealed, both among the members of some species of primate and between various groupings of species, have provided the opportunity to examine in greater detail the biological mechanisms that underlie color vision, particularly the photopigments of cone photoreceptors and the genes crucial for the production of these photopigments. These findings also provide leads about the evolution of primate color vision, and they have served to reawaken interest in understanding the functional utility of color vision. Cone Photopigment PolymorphismThe biological process that results in color vision is initiated by the neural comparison of signals from classes of cone photoreceptor that contain spectrally distinct photopigments. Among other things, the nature of the color vision that ensues depends on the number of such classes of photopigment, the spectral separation of the photopigments, and the relative representation of the different pigments among the population of photoreceptors. An elegant feature of color vision is thatThe publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact.variations in the number of types of cone pigment found in the retina normally map directly into the dimensionality of color vi...

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Full-spectrum cone sensitivity functions for X-chromosome-linked anomalous trichromats

Cited by 191 publications

References 29 publications

Is discrimination enhanced at the boundaries of perceptual categories? A negative case

Is discrimination enhanced at the boundaries of perceptual categories? A negative case

Display Characterization

Primate photopigments and primate color vision.

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