Full-scale testing of leakage of blast waves inside a partially vented room exposed to external air blast loading

Codina, Ramón

doi:10.1007/s00193-017-0733-9

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In these cases, the impulse diagrams are slightly underestimated compared with the experimental results. As already observed in Codina and Ambrosini (2017), a good repeatability of the experimental records was found. In Test 2, smaller impulses are obtained.…”

Section: Numerical Studysupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Although the experimental results were presented in Codina and Ambrosini (2017), a summary is also presented in this article, as this article is self-contained. Field experiments were designed for studying a partially vented room exposed to different external blast loads.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this article, experimental results of a previous work (Codina and Ambrosini, 2017) are discussed and a comparison with numerical results is included. A masonry box with a typical window, that is, a partially vented room, is subjected to different external blast loadings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical and analytical study of overpressures and impulses inside a masonry box subjected to external blast loading

Codina

2019

International Journal of Protective Structures

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Blast loads have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to accidental or intentional events involving important structures, which have occurred around the world. The activities related to terrorist attacks have increased and, unfortunately, the current trend suggests that they will continue to rise in the future. In relation to the design of structures subjected to blast loadings, there are still many uncertainties in the specialized technical literature. Particularly, the overpressures and impulses inside constructions are difficult to estimate due to many reflections of the shock wave. The main objective of this work is to study the propagation of the blast wave inside constructions subjected to external loadings. An experimental study was performed using a masonry box with reinforced concrete beams and columns and a typical window. The results were previously presented. In this article, numerical models are developed in order to compare results and to obtain design guidelines. Explosive charges of equivalent 1–5 kg of TNT and elevated 1 m above the ground were detonated at different distances from the window, and overpressures and impulses were obtained at five points inside and outside the room. However, empirical–analytical results using a well-known technical manual are also obtained and compared. The obtained results are useful to evaluate numerical codes and empirical formulas.

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Section: Numerical Studysupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical and analytical study of overpressures and impulses inside a masonry box subjected to external blast loading

Codina

2019

International Journal of Protective Structures

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“…To sum up the study mentioned above, the pressures are measured in a situation mimicking a real one for which the UFC 30340-02 standard conditions are not applicable because the distance from the wall is too small, e.g., the scaled distance to the obstacle is smaller than 0.7 m/kg 1/3 [7,8]. Moreover, according to the recent study of Codina and Ambrosini [10], UFC 30340-02 overestimates the impulse on the side walls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study of blast loading behind a building corner

Gajewski

Sielicki

2020

Shock Waves

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The paper presents unique blast experiments in reference to scientific literature and official standards. Experimental scenarios reflect a hypothetical realistic combat situation of a human being covered from a blast wave behind a rigid building corner. In the scenario assumed, the overpressure loads affect the lungs while the person is standing or the eardrums while the person is kneeling at the aiming position. The paper presents 27 free-field experiments measuring the overpressure loads. All the measurements were taken behind the right angle of the rigid wall. Two masses of TNT were considered: 200 g and 400 g. In the selected cases, a low test-to-test variability of the measured data was observed. Detailed plots of overpressure versus time are presented for various distances behind the building corner and TNT charge masses. Peak overpressure versus positive impulse plots are also demonstrated. Furthermore, the safety thresholds regarding different locations behind the building corner are defined for the considered explosive masses.

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“…Experimental studies for more specific and special cases (e.g. Codina and Ambrosini, 2018;Rigby et al, 2019a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TNT equivalency analysis of specific impulse distribution from close-in detonations

Grisaro

Edri

Rigby

2020

International Journal of Protective Structures

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Detonation of a high explosive close to a structural component results in a blast load that is highly localized and nonuninform in nature. Prediction of structural response and damage due to such loads requires a detailed understanding of both the magnitude and distribution of the load, which in turn are a function of the properties and dimensions of the structure, the standoff from the charge to the structure, and the composition of the explosive. It is common to express an explosive as an equivalent mass of TNT to facilitate the use of existing and well-established semi-empirical methods. This requires calculation of a TNT equivalency factor (EF), that is, the mass ratio between the equivalent mass of TNT and the explosive mass in question, such that a chosen blast parameter will be the same for the same set of input conditions aside from explosive type. In this paper, we derive EF for three common explosives: C4, COMP-B, and ANFO, using an equivalent upper bound kinetic energy approach. A series of numerical simulations are performed, and the resultant magnitudes and distributions of specific impulse are used to derive the theoretical upper bound kinetic energy that would be imparted to a flexible target. Based on the equivalent mass of TNT of each explosive, which is required to impart the same kinetic energy for a given target size and standoff distance as of TNT, the EF is calculated. It is shown that in the near-field, the EFs are non-constant and are dependent on both standoff and target size. The results in the current study are presented in a scaled form and can be used for any practical combination of charge mass, distance from the charge to the target, target size, thickness, and density.

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Full-scale testing of leakage of blast waves inside a partially vented room exposed to external air blast loading

Cited by 8 publications

References 23 publications

Numerical and analytical study of overpressures and impulses inside a masonry box subjected to external blast loading

Numerical and analytical study of overpressures and impulses inside a masonry box subjected to external blast loading

Experimental study of blast loading behind a building corner

TNT equivalency analysis of specific impulse distribution from close-in detonations

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