Full-scale Fire Tests of Electric Drive Vehicle Batteries

Blum, Andrew; Long, Richard Thomas

doi:10.4271/2015-01-1383

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…During a fire experiment conducted by NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) with a LiB test system (80 Ah) [29,30], the inner temperatures of several hundred degrees can lead to injuries and even ignite objects in a small radius around the system. The time required to extinguish the source of battery fire may exceed the oxygen supply time of the firefighters [29,30]. By extinguishing the burning battery from a safe distance and utilizing spray jet (1 m distance between the firefighter and the fire source) or full jet (5 m gap), the dangers can be minimized [31].…”

Section: Risk Analysis For Rescue Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the fire is extinguished, the burnt-out vehicle still has to be monitored. Even if the battery seems undamaged from the outside, there is still a possibility that chemical reactions inside the battery cells can lead to a fire once again [30,74]. It is very important to use as much water as possible for cooling the battery in order to lower the temperature and therefore the risk for thermal propagation to other cells.…”

Section: Gaining Control Over the Battery Fire (F-d)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is very important to use as much water as possible for cooling the battery in order to lower the temperature and therefore the risk for thermal propagation to other cells. The amount of water required for extinguishing an EV fire differs greatly in comparison with an ICE vehicle fire [30]. EV fires require more water to be put out than ICE vehicle fires [75], resulting in a total usage of up to 9.8-11.4 m 3 for an EV fire [67,76].…”

Section: Gaining Control Over the Battery Fire (F-d)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crashed Electric Vehicle Handling and Recommendations—State of the Art in Germany

et al. 2021

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In the near future, electric powered vehicles will represent a major part of the road traffic. Accordingly, there will be a natural increase of accidents involving electric vehicles. There are not many cases of such accidents yet and therefore the experience and correct handling are still partially open points for the involved parties, such as the rescue services for example. The aim of this work is to provide a complete overview of the accident handling sequence in Germany, starting with the damaged vehicle on site and moving on to the risks and challenges for the stakeholders, such as transport and recycling companies. Arising from the developed overview, a handling recommendation for yet undiscussed points is given. Especially, different extinguishing and deactivation methods are compared and discussed. Due to a lack of a common live-feed from battery data on site, other criteria have to be taken into account to assess the state of the battery. The wrecked vehicle—including the high voltage system—needs to be in a definite safe state at the handover to a towing service. Depending on the case, different options for securing the vehicle will be considered in this work.

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Section: Risk Analysis For Rescue Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gaining Control Over the Battery Fire (F-d)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gaining Control Over the Battery Fire (F-d)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crashed Electric Vehicle Handling and Recommendations—State of the Art in Germany

et al. 2021

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“…Many field incidents occurred for LIB packs [8,9] all over the world in electric vehicles and building energy supplying sources. Fire or even explosion starting from batteries are commonly reported as reviewed [10]. Fire incidents involving cars, trucks, and other highway vehicles reached about 188,000 cases [10] only in a single year in 2013.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fire or even explosion starting from batteries are commonly reported as reviewed [10]. Fire incidents involving cars, trucks, and other highway vehicles reached about 188,000 cases [10] only in a single year in 2013. Many other fires and explosions involving electric cars were reported [11,12].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric vehicle fire hazards associated with batteries, combustibles and smoke

Chow

2022

International Journal of Automotive Science and Technology

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Electrical vehicles are planned to be the future green land traffic means in many places. However, reported vehicle fires or even explosions have raised public safety concern. Fire hazards studies of electric vehicles are commonly focused on ignition of genuine batteries. However, cheap counterfeit batteries of are widely used in electric vehicles in some countries. Counterfeit LIBs are made of unknown battery materials, electrolytes and construction with poor quality control. These counterfeit batteries are not designed for compatibility, not manufactured according to standards, and even not tested. Thus research results based on genuine batteries may not be applicable to counterfeit batteries. Batteries should be taken as a big ignition source for electric ve-hicles and fire hazards could occur during driving, charging or even when not in use. Further, very few works reported the effect of burning of the combustibles of car and smoke to the passengers trapped inside. Fire risk factors should be studied holistically for the entire vehicle to explore practical fire-safe engineering solutions. Key fire as-pects of electric vehicles are pointed out in this paper to alert the society, particularly the authority and professionals handling fire safety.

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