Full-scale experiments to study shock waves generated by the rupture of a high-pressure pipeline

The industrial gas and liquefied natural gas (LNG) industries routinely perform equipment pressure testing pneumatically, rather than hydraulically, due to the necessity for keep piping and equipment dry. Hazards associated with potential failure of pneumatically pressurized equipment under test are well understood, but today, there is no commonly recognized industry guidance on recommended safety distances to protect personnel during such tests. Air Products, Air Liquide and BakerRisk have worked together to develop such guidance for the testing of vessels, process pipes and pipelines, and present in this article new, simple to use correlations, with results also presented in the form of lookup tables. These new correlations are based on the application of established methods, validated against previously published independent test data and new test data presented here for the first time. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 38: e12025, 2019

Section: Independent Data For Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 67%

New Criteria for Safety Distances During Pneumatic Pressure Testing of Vessels and Pipes

Miller

Jallais

Pham‐Huy

et al. 2018

“…A methodology has been proposed for the analysis of consequences in incidents related to oil and gas pipelines, 8 while a numerical method for simulating natural gas leakage has been created 9 . Experimental research has been made to analyze pipeline failures that present quantitative data related to catastrophic pipeline failures 10–12 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 Experimental research has been made to analyze pipeline failures that present quantitative data related to catastrophic pipeline failures. [10][11][12] Different legal approaches care about the regulation of process safety. There are two main philosophies of process safety, prescriptive and performance-based.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Change of location class in gas pipelines from a regulatory perspective

Silva,

de Oliveira,

da Cunha

2024

Location class is an essential factor in the gas pipeline project because it considers factors such as population density and the number of buildings along the gas pipeline route. As these parameters change, the pipeline operator needs to review the location class, also requiring a possible assessment of changes in allowable pipeline operating pressure. Brazilian regulations related to the safety of pipeline processes are defined in the Onshore Pipeline Technical Regulation and this document indicates the application of the requirements of the ASME B31.8 standard for changing the location class. Although there are preventive and mitigating measures in the ASME B31.8 standard, they are seen as overly conservative. Other international standards have different concepts, with evaluation criteria based on risk analysis. The issue has also been a challenge for other countries, which are reviewing their regulations and developing guidelines for gas pipeline operators. The main objective of this study is to carry out a survey of international practices related to changing the location class of gas pipelines and to propose a criterion based on the best international practices based on risk management, allowing a more comprehensive view of this subject.

Integrated assessment of safety distances for rescue work in chemical plant fires involving domino effects

Tsai

Huang

Shu

2017

This study employed the Suite for the Assessment of Flammable, Explosive, and Toxic Impacts to synergize the environmental data, risk frequency, and physical and chemical properties of chemical‐induced fires and explosions at accident sites and thereby establish an integrated assessment model. In addition, the suite was used to visualize fires and explosions resulting from domino effects caused by thermal radiation and blast overpressure in initial accidents at chemical plants. The simulation results were successfully utilized to respond to a chemical plant fire, assist the fire command officer to determine the range of domino effects during rescue, and extinguish the ignition source. In addition, the model provided safety distances for rescue to enable the proper deployment of rescuers and vehicles and to prevent their exposure to deadly hazards. The simulation results also provided the integrated safety distances including acceptable safety distances for rescuers with the appropriate protective equipment and the range of domino effect during the first accident and the second accident. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 37: 186–193, 2018