“…According to Figure 13, as the T remained positive during the whole process, the tunnels were all compressed vertically and bulged out horizontally under the two circumstances. The measured pattern of the tunnel deformation was consistent with the reported research findings [44]. However, when tunneling in the limited space, the ovality of the final state of the tunnel was 0.310%, which was about 23% smaller than the result induced by the construction of the tunnel at the greenfield site.…”
Section: Convergence Of the Tunnelsupporting
confidence: 90%
“…With the excavation of a tunnel, the tunnel will inevitably experience uneven deformation. Figure 12 depicts the typical pattern of tunnel convergence [44]. In Figure 12, the diameter of the tunnel at initial state is defined as D. When a tunnel is subjected to an external force, the tunnel will deform correspondingly [31,44].…”
Section: Convergence Of the Tunnelmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Figure 12 depicts the typical pattern of tunnel convergence [44]. In Figure 12, the diameter of the tunnel at initial state is defined as D. When a tunnel is subjected to an external force, the tunnel will deform correspondingly [31,44]. The horizontal axis of the ellipse was defined as D l while the vertical axis of the ellipse was defined as D s .…”
As the economy develops rapidly, newly built tunnels in congested urban areas are becoming more and more common. Based on similarity theory, this study conducted a laboratory model test to investigate the soil–structure responses induced by the construction of a new tunnel in limited space which was formed by the existing underground infrastructures. The soil movement, convergence of the tunnel and distribution of the soil stress were explored. The test results revealed that the limited space could have a significant shielding effect on the soil movement. The maximum ground subsidence and the range of ground settlement induced by the construction of the tunnel in limited space were 60% and 40%, respectively, smaller than those induced by the construction of a tunnel at a “greenfield” site. The deformation of the tunnel was also restrained distinctly. Moreover, a soil settlement trough appeared below the bottom slab of the underground structure. The findings can shed some light on the surrounding responses induced by tunnelling in limited space in soft clay and can offer the valuable guidance for the similar projects.
“…According to Figure 13, as the T remained positive during the whole process, the tunnels were all compressed vertically and bulged out horizontally under the two circumstances. The measured pattern of the tunnel deformation was consistent with the reported research findings [44]. However, when tunneling in the limited space, the ovality of the final state of the tunnel was 0.310%, which was about 23% smaller than the result induced by the construction of the tunnel at the greenfield site.…”
Section: Convergence Of the Tunnelsupporting
confidence: 90%
“…With the excavation of a tunnel, the tunnel will inevitably experience uneven deformation. Figure 12 depicts the typical pattern of tunnel convergence [44]. In Figure 12, the diameter of the tunnel at initial state is defined as D. When a tunnel is subjected to an external force, the tunnel will deform correspondingly [31,44].…”
Section: Convergence Of the Tunnelmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Figure 12 depicts the typical pattern of tunnel convergence [44]. In Figure 12, the diameter of the tunnel at initial state is defined as D. When a tunnel is subjected to an external force, the tunnel will deform correspondingly [31,44]. The horizontal axis of the ellipse was defined as D l while the vertical axis of the ellipse was defined as D s .…”
As the economy develops rapidly, newly built tunnels in congested urban areas are becoming more and more common. Based on similarity theory, this study conducted a laboratory model test to investigate the soil–structure responses induced by the construction of a new tunnel in limited space which was formed by the existing underground infrastructures. The soil movement, convergence of the tunnel and distribution of the soil stress were explored. The test results revealed that the limited space could have a significant shielding effect on the soil movement. The maximum ground subsidence and the range of ground settlement induced by the construction of the tunnel in limited space were 60% and 40%, respectively, smaller than those induced by the construction of a tunnel at a “greenfield” site. The deformation of the tunnel was also restrained distinctly. Moreover, a soil settlement trough appeared below the bottom slab of the underground structure. The findings can shed some light on the surrounding responses induced by tunnelling in limited space in soft clay and can offer the valuable guidance for the similar projects.
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