Full-scale evaluation of sorbent injection for mercury control on coal-fired power plants

Jean, Bustard,; Durham, Michael D.; Starns, Travis; Lindsey, C.G.; Martin, Cameron; Schlager, Richard; Baldrey, Ken

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2003.11.021

Cited by 51 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…4 At 1 lb/MMacf, an average mercury control efficiency of 46% was achieved over a five-day period. However, since the completion of tests at Pleasant Prairie, improved sorbents have been developed, some of which were tested during this Phase II program.…”

Section: R27mentioning

confidence: 94%

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Evaluation of Sorbent Injection for Mercury Control

Sjostrom¹

2008

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Section: R27mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…1 These studies suggest that SO 2 and SO 3 reduce the equilibrium mercury capacity of activated carbon and fly ash because activated carbon tends to catalyze SO 2 to H 2 SO 4 . In turn, these sulfur compounds occupy surface sites on the carbon that normally are available to adsorb and oxidize mercury.…”

Section: Introduction Description Of Overall Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Sorbent Injection for Mercury Control

Sjostrom¹

2008

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“…This is a promising technology to remove both elemental and oxidized mercury (Bustard et al, 2004). The sorbent is injected downstream of the combustion chamber and the heat exchanger, but upstream of the particulate control devices-an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and a fabric filter (FF).…”

Section: Many Authors Have Studied Hg°or Hgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of elemental mercury vapors from synthetic exhaust combustion gas onto HGR carbon

Musmarra

Karatza

Lancia

et al. 2016

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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An activated carbon commercially available named HGR, produced by Calgon-Carbon Group, was used to adsorbe metallic mercury. The work is part of a wider research activity by the same group focused on the removal of metallic and divalent mercury from combustion flue gas. With respect to previously published papers, this one is aimed at studying in depth thermodynamic equilibria of metallic mercury adsorption onto a commercial activated carbon. The innovativeness lies in the wider operative conditions explored (temperature and mercury concentrations) and in the evaluation of kinetic and thermodynamic data for a commercially available adsorbing material. In detail, experimental runs were carried out on a laboratory-scale plant, in which Hg°vapors were supplied in a nitrogen gas stream at different temperature and mercury concentration. The gas phase was flowed through a fixed bed of adsorbent material. Adsorbate loading curves for different Hg°concentrations together with adsorption isotherms were achieved as a function of temperature (120, 150, 200°C) and Hg°concentrations (1.0−7.0 mg/m 3 ). Experimental runs demonstrated satisfying results of the adsorption process, while Langmuir parameters were evaluated with gas-solid equilibrium data. Especially, they confirmed that adsorption capacity is a favored process in case of lower temperature and they showed that the adsorption heat was -20 kJ/mol. Furthermore, a numerical integration of differential equations that model the adsorption process was proposed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation was an useful tool to investigate about fresh and saturated carbon areas. The comparison between them allowed identification of surface sites where mercury is adsorbed; these spots correspond to carbon areas where sulfur concentration is greater.Implications: Mercury compounds can cause severe harm to human health and to the ecosystem. There are a lot of sources that emit mercury species to the atmosphere; the main ones are exhaust gases from coal combustion and municipal solid waste incineration. Furthermore, certain CO 2 capture processes, particularly oxyfuel combustion in a pulverized fuel coal-fired power station, produce a raw CO 2 product containing several contaminants, mainly water vapor, oxygen, and nitrogen but also mercury, that have to be almost completely removed; otherwise these would represent a strong drawback to the success of the process.PAPER HISTORY

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“…An ESP or fabric filter collects the sorbents to which mercury is attached, along with the fly ash, reaching removal efficiencies of Ͼ90%. 7,8 The effectiveness of PAC injection in removing vapor-phase mercury depends on the composition of the burned materials, that of the flue gas, the temperature, mercury speciation, PAC properties and injection rate, and the operating conditions. 9 Equilibrium and kinetic studies have improved the understanding of adsorptive capacity and the mechanism of adsorption of vapor-phase mercury on activated carbons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 -13 Many bench-, pilot-, and full-scale tests have been conducted to examine the influences of the type of carbon, the structures of carbon, the surface characteristics of carbon, the injection method (dry or wet), the amount of carbon injected, and flue gas temperature on the removal of vapor-phase mercury. 6,8,9,14,15 In addition, the dynamics of the uptake of vapor-phase mercury by granular activated carbon have been evaluated as a function of operating parameters, including adsorption temperature, influent concentration of mercury, and emptybed residence time. 16 Nevertheless, very few studies have investigated the adsorption isotherms of HgCl 2 on activated carbons using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Adsorption Isotherm of Vapor-Phase Mercury Chloride on Powdered Activated Carbon Using Thermogravimetric Analysis

Lin

Yuan

Chen

et al. 2006

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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This study investigated the use of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to determine the adsorptive capacity and adsorption isotherm of vapor-phase mercury chloride on powdered activated carbon (PAC). The technique is commonly applied to remove mercury-containing air pollutants from gas streams emitted from municipal solid waste incinerators. An alternative form of powdered activated carbon derived from a pyrolyzed tire char was prepared for use herein. The capacity of waste tire-derived PAC to adsorb vapor-phase HgCl 2 was successfully measured using a self-designed TGA adsorption system. Experimental results showed that the maximum adsorptive capacities of HgCl 2 were 1.75, 0.688, and 0.230 mg of HgCl 2 per gram of powdered activated carbon derived from carbon black at 30, 70, and 150°C for 500 g/m 3 of HgCl 2 , respectively. Four adsorption isotherms obtained using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, and BrunauerEmmett-Teller (BET) models were used to simulate the adsorption of HgCl 2 . The comparison of experimental data associated with the four adsorption isotherms indicated that BET fit the experimental results better than did the other isotherms at 30°C, whereas the Freundlich isotherm fit the experimental results better at 70 and 150°C. Furthermore, the calculations of the parameters associated with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms revealed that the adsorption of HgCl 2 by PAC-derived carbon black favored adsorption at various HgCl 2 concentrations and temperatures.

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Full-scale evaluation of sorbent injection for mercury control on coal-fired power plants

Cited by 51 publications

References 2 publications

Evaluation of Sorbent Injection for Mercury Control

Evaluation of Sorbent Injection for Mercury Control

Adsorption of elemental mercury vapors from synthetic exhaust combustion gas onto HGR carbon

Determination of the Adsorption Isotherm of Vapor-Phase Mercury Chloride on Powdered Activated Carbon Using Thermogravimetric Analysis

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