Full recovery from severe SARS-CoV-2 infection after requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and continuous hemodiafiltration

Abstract

We report two cases of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection successfully treated with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) and continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF). ECMO was indicated despite immediate anti-viral and anticoagulation therapy with maximal ventilatory support. Meticulous bronchoscopic drainage was necessary during treatment by ECMO due to copious fluid secretion. Renal replacement therapy with continuous hemodiafiltration was also required for both cases due to ongoing renal dysfunction. However, both patients recovered fully without any disability or neurological sequelae. VV-ECMO is a vital tool to maintain appropriate gas exchange for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection to facilitate functional recovery. Because subsequent renal impairment is common in such severe cases, hemodiafiltration undertaken in a timely manner may be necessary. Controlling secondary bacterial infection is also key for lung recovery, as it may otherwise compromise the chance to wean patients off ECMO.