“…This computational burden may even be higher than the direct Monte Carlo methods, which is contrary to the original purpose of establishing response surfaces. In slope reliability analysis, as the inherent spatial variability of soil properties is one of the most significant geotechnical uncertainties affecting the slope failure mechanism (Christian et al, 1994;Griffiths and Fenton, 2004;Wang et al, 2011;Huang et al, 2013;Li et al, 2015a;Li et al, 2016a;Li et al, 2016b;Xiao et al, 2016;Xiao et al, 2017;Jiang et al, 2018;Li et al, 2019a;Varkey et al, 2019;Huang et al, 2020b;Deng et al, 2022;Nie et al, 2023;Zhang et al, 2023c), the curse of high dimensionality is particularly when the spatial variability of soil parameters is simulated using random fields.…”